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xOö ã˛e´Óï˛≈# ÈÙÙÙÈ xö%˛õ ôÓ˚
Ú˛õˆÏÌÓ˚ §M˛ÈÎ˚ÛÈÙÈ~1 Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ !°áˆÏåÈö≠ ÚÚxyüÓ˚y Îáö !Ó°yˆÏï˛ Îyey ܲ!Ó˚ ï˛áö ˆ§ê˛y ˆÜ˛Ó° ˆò¢ ••zˆÏï˛ ˆò¢yhsˇˆÏÓ˚ ÎyÄÎ˚y öÎ˚ñ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õˆÏ«˛ ˆ§ê˛y ~ܲê˛y öï%˛ö §Ç§yˆÏÓ˚ ≤ÈÏÓ¢ ܲÓ˚y– ç#ÓöÎyeyÓ˚ Óy•ƒ ≤ÈÏû˛ò=ˆÏ°yˆÏï˛ ÓˆÏí˛¸y ~ܲê˛y !ܲå%È xyˆÏ§ÈÙÈÎyÎ˚ öy– xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ §ˆÏD Ó§ˆÏöÈÙÈû)˛£ÏˆÏî xy•yˆÏÓ˚ÈÙÈ!Ó•yˆÏÓ˚ !ÓˆÏò¢#Ó˚ §yò,¢ƒ Ìy!ܲˆÏÓ öyñ ˆ§ê˛y ˆï˛y ôÓ˚y ܲÌyñ §%ï˛Ó˚yÇ ˆ§áyˆÏö !ӈϢ£Ï ÓyˆÏô öy– !ܲvñ ˆÜ˛Ó° ç#ÓöÎyeyÎ˚ öˆÏ•ñ ç#Óöï˛ˆÏ_¥ ~ܲê˛y çyÎ˚àyÎ˚ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ àû˛#Ó˚ï˛Ó˚ x!ü° xyˆÏåÈñ ˆ§•záyˆÏö•z !ò܉˛!öî≈Î˚ ܲÓ˚y •ë˛yÍ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õˆÏ«˛ ܲ!ë˛ö ••zÎ˚y í˛zˆÏë˛ÛÛ S˛õˆÏÌÓ˚ §M˛ÈÎ˚ñ ˛õ,≠ 555 ÈÙÈ Ó˚Ó#w Ó˚ã˛öyÓ°# £Ïí˛¸!ÓÇ¢áu˛ñ !ÓŸªû˛yÓ˚ï˛#V– ܲ!ÓÓ˚ üˆÏï˛ñ ĈÏòÓ˚ xyÓ˚ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ˆÜ˛Ó°üye ç#ÓöÎyeyÎ˚ öÎ˚ñ ç#Óöï˛ˆÏ_¥ñ ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ xhsˇò≈¢≈ˆÏö ~ܲê˛y àû˛#Ó˚ï˛Ó˚ x!ü° xyˆÏåÈ– xyÓ˚ ~•z ˆüÔ!°Ü˛ x!ü°ê˛yÓ˚ çöƒ•z ˛õ!ÿ˛ˆÏüÓ˚ ˛õÌã˛°yê˛yˆÏܲ ˆÓyé˛y Óy Ó%ˆÏé˛ Äë˛y á%Ó ~ܲê˛y §•ç •ˆÏÓ öy– ܲyÓ˚î ˛õ)Ó ˆÌˆÏܲ ˛õ!ÿ˛ˆÏüÓ˚ ~•z ˛õÌã˛°yÎ˚ §Ç§yÓ˚ê˛y•z ˆÎ ÓòˆÏ° ÎyˆÏÓ– ÓòˆÏ° ÎyˆÏÓ §Ç§yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !öÎ˚üÈÙÈܲyö%öñ §Ç§yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ôü≈– ˆÎö ~ܲê˛y öï%˛ö §Ç§yˆÏÓ˚ ≤ÈÏÓ¢ ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓö ܲ!Ó≠ ÚÚ~áö ••zˆÏï˛ xyüy!òàˆÏܲ xyÓ˚ÈÙÈ~ܲ §Ç§yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !öÎ˚ˆÏü ã˛!°ˆÏï˛ ••zˆÏÓ– •ë˛yÍ ~ï˛áy!ö ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ö üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ˛õˆÏ«˛ x!≤ÃÎ˚ ÈÙÙÙÈ ~•zçöƒ•z xyüÓ˚y ˆ§ê˛yˆÏܲ û˛yˆÏ°y ܲ!Ó˚Î˚y Ó%!é˛Î˚y ˆò!áÓyÓ˚ ˆã˛‹Ty ܲ!Ó˚ öyñ ˆÜ˛yˆÏöyüˆÏï˛ üy!öÎ˚y ã˛!° !ܲ¡∫y üˆÏö üˆÏö !ÓÓ˚_´ ••zÎ˚y Ó!°ñ •z•yˆÏòÓ˚ ã˛y°ÈÙÈã˛°öê˛y xï˛ƒhsˇ ˆÓ!¢ Ü,˛!eü– xy§° ܲÌyñ •z•yˆÏòÓ˚ §ˆÏD xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ §yüy!çܲ xÓfliyÓ˚ ˆÎ ≤ÈÏû˛ò xyˆÏåÈ ˆ§•zˆÏê˛•z =Ó˚&ï˛Ó˚ÛÛ S˛õˆÏÌÓ˚ §M˛ÈÎ˚ñ ˛õ,≠ 555V– ˛õ!ÿ˛ˆÏüÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÌ ÎyeyÓ˚ !ܲå%È xyˆÏà ... ˛õ)ÓÈÙÈ˛õ!ÿ˛ˆÏüÓ˚ ~•z ˆüÔ° Ú≤ÈÏû˛òÛÈÙÈê˛y !öˆÏÎ˚•z ܲ!Ó !ã˛!hsˇï˛– ˆÜ˛üöû˛yˆÏÓ Ó%é˛ˆÏÓö ܲ!Óñ xÌ≈ ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓö ~•z ≤ÈÏû˛òê˛yÓ˚– 1912 §yˆÏ° ܲ!Ó ~•z ܲÌy=ˆÏ°y Ó°ˆÏåÈö ... 1912 xyÓ˚ 2011ÈÙÈÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ˛≤ÃyÎ˚ ~ܲˆÏ¢y ÓåȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ ú˛yÓ˚yܲ ... ˛õˆÏÌÓ˚ §M˛ÈÎ˚ xyÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÌÓ˚ x˛õã˛ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ üˆÏôƒÄ ú˛yÓ˚yܲ ≤Ãã%˛Ó˚– xyç xyüÓ˚y Îáö Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ ˛õ!í˛¸ñ ï˛áö ˆ§ê˛y ˆÜ˛Ó° ˆ¢:!˛õÎ˚Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌ Îyey öÎ˚– ˆ§ê˛y ~ܲê˛y öï%˛ö §Ç§yˆÏÓ˚ ≤ÈÏÓ¢ ܲÓ˚y– ~üö ~ܲê˛y §Ç§yÓ˚ ÎyÓ˚ û˛y£Ïyñ ÎyÓ˚ !ã˛hsˇyÓ˚ xyòÓÈÙÈܲyÎ˚òy xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ xˆÏã˛öyñ xçyöy– •zLjÏÓ˚!ç !¢«˛yÎ˚ !¢!«˛ï˛ñ ¢‡ˆÏÓ˚ í˛zFã˛!Ó_ Óy í˛zFã˛ÈÙÈüôƒ!Ó_ Óyäy!° Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ ˛õí˛¸ˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏò ˛õˆÏò ˆ•yÑã˛ê˛ áyÎ˚– Ó˚Ó#wÈÙÈû˛yÓöyÓ˚ñ Ó˚Ó#wÈÙÈû˛y£Ïy Ä û˛yˆÏ£ÏƒÓ˚ !òܲ!öî≈Î˚ ܲÓ˚y xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õˆÏ«˛ ܲ!ë˛ö •ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸– ܲ!ë˛ö •ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸ ܲyÓ˚î Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ ç#Óöï˛ˆÏ_¥Ó˚ §ˆÏD xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ~ܲê˛y ≤Ãܲy[˛ x!ü° âˆÏê˛ˆÏåÈ àï˛ ~ܲ¢ ÓåȈÏÓ˚– •zí˛z!öû˛y!§≈!ê˛ ~í%˛ˆÏܲ¢öñ !í˛!§!≤’öy!Ó˚ ˆê˛∆!öÇ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ ç#Óöï˛_¥ •ˆÏï˛ Ó‡ ò)Ó˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈ– xyüÓ˚y §ˆÏÓ˚ ˆà!åÈ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ §yÇfl,Ò!ï˛Ü˛ !¢Ü˛Ó˚ •ˆÏï˛– xyÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈ Ó°ˆÏ•z xyç Ó˚Ó#wöÿÏܲ xö%ôyÓö ܲÓ˚yñ xyÎ˚_ ܲÓ˚y ¢_´
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1912 §yˆÏ° Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ •zÇ°[˛ ~ÓÇ xyˆÏü!Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÌ ˛õy!í˛¸ !òˆÏ°ö– ˛õˆÏÌ öyüyÓ˚ xyˆÏà ~ÓÇ ˛õÌ ã˛°ˆÏï˛ ã˛°ˆÏï˛ñ Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ Ú˛õÌÛ !öˆÏÎ˚ñ ÚÎyeyÛ !öˆÏÎ˚ñ !öˆÏçÓ˚ ~ÓÇ üyöÓ§üyˆÏçÓ˚ Ú˛õÌã˛°yÛ !öˆÏÎ˚ñ û˛yÓ˚ï˛û)˛áˆÏ[˛Ó˚˛ Ú˛õÌ •yÓ˚yˆÏöyÛ !öˆÏÎ˚ñ ˛õÓ˚y!çï˛ çy!ï˛Ó˚ ÚxhsˇˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛õÌÛ !öˆÏÎ˚ñ ¢y§Ü˛ çy!ï˛Ó˚ Ú˛õˆÏÌÓ˚ x•ÇܲyÓ˚Û !öˆÏÎ˚ xˆÏöܲ=ˆÏ°y ≤ÃÓ¶˛ !°áˆÏ°ö– ˛õˆÏÌÓ˚ §M˛ÈÎ˚ ˆ§•z ≤ÃÓ¶˛=!°Ó˚•z §Çܲ°ö– ... Ú§û˛ƒï˛yÓ˚ §Çܲê˛ÛÈÈÙÈ~Ä ~ܲ•z ˛õÌã˛°yÓ˚ xö%Ó˚öö≠ ÚÚxyç xyüyÓ˚ ÓÎ˚§ xyy!¢ ÓͧÓ˚ ˛õ)î≈ •°ñ xyüyÓ˚ ç#ÓöˆÏ«˛ˆÏeÓ˚ !ÓhflÏ#î≈ï˛y xyç xyüyÓ˚ §¡ø%ˆÏá ≤çy!Ó˚ï˛– ˛õ)Ó≈ï˛ü !òàˆÏhsˇ ˆÎ ç#Óö xyÓ˚Ω˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ï˛yÓ˚ ò,¢ƒ x˛õÓ˚ ≤Ãyhsˇ ˆÌˆÏܲ !öɧ_´ ò,!‹TˆÏï˛ ˆòáˆÏï˛ ˛õy!FåÈ ~ÓÇ xö%û˛Ó ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚!åÈ ˆÎñ xyüyÓ˚ ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ ~ÓÇ §ühflÏ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ üˆÏöyÓ,!_Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚î!ï˛ !má![˛ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈó ~ÓÇ !Ó!FåÈߨï˛yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ àû˛#Ó˚ ò%ɈÏáÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚î xyˆÏåÈÛÛ–
•ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸ˆÏåÈ– ˆÎüö fl∫Î˚Ç Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ çöƒ ¢_´ !åÈ° ˛õ!ÿ˛üˆÏܲ ˆÓyé˛y– ˛õ!ÿ˛üÈÙÈÎye#Ó˚ í˛y•z!Ó˚ê˛y ï˛y•z xçyöy §Ó üƒyö%!fl;˛˛õˆÏê˛ ˆÓyé˛y•z– ˆÎ üyö%ƒ!fl;˛≤WzÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ˛õyˆÏë˛yk˛yÓ˚ ~ܲ¢ ÓåȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ !öɧDï˛yÓ˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚•z •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– xyç §ü§ƒyê˛y ˆÎö í˛zˆÏŒê˛ ˆàˆÏåÈ– ˛õ!ÿ˛ü# ôƒyöÈÙÈôyÓ˚îyñ ˛õ!ÿ˛ü# çyà≈öÈÙÈ~ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ üyÌyê˛y xyç ~ï˛ê˛y•z ˆÓyé˛y•z •ˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏåÈñ ˆÎ âˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ üyö%£Ïê˛yˆÏܲ•zñ üˆÏöÓ˚ üyö%£Ïê˛yˆÏܲ•z ˆÓyé˛y üˆÏö •Î˚– üˆÏö •Î˚ñ ~ˆÏܲ ˆï˛y ˆÓyé˛y ¢_´– Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ˛õ!ÿ˛ü !åÈ° ôyÑôy– xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ fl∫Î˚Ç Ó˚Ó#wÈÙÈç#Óöï˛_¥ ~ܲê˛y ôyÑôy •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zˆÏë˛ˆÏåÈ– xyÓ˚ ôyÑôy •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zˆÏë˛ˆÏåÈ ÓˆÏ° xyüÓ˚y Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ û˛yÓöyˆÏܲ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ˆã˛öy Ó%!° !òˆÏÎ˚ñ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ˆã˛öy ôyÓ˚îy!ÓŸª !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓyé˛yÓ˚ ˆã˛‹Ty ܲ!Ó˚– Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏò ˛õˆÏò û%˛° ܲ!Ó˚– Úüyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ôü≈Ûñ !Ó˚!°!çÎ˚ö xÓ üƒyö •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚ ≤Ãyã˛ƒÓyò# xö%ÓyˆÏòÓ˚ ôyE˛yÎ˚– ≤Ãyã˛ƒÓyò# xö%Óyò≠ xÌ≈yÍñ ˛õ!ÿ˛ˆÏüÓ˚ ˆã˛öy û˛y£Ïy !òˆÏÎ˚ñ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ˆã˛öy ˛õ!ÿ˛ü# û˛y£Ïy !òˆÏÎ˚ Ó˚Ó#wöÿÏܲ ôÓ˚yÓ˚ ˆã˛‹Ty– !Ó˚!°!çÎ˚öÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ˆú ˛üÄÎ˚yˆÏÜ≈˛Ó˚ xö%£ÏˆÏD Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ ܲÌy Ä Ü˛y!•ö#ˆÏܲ ˆÓyé˛yÓ˚ ˆã˛‹Ty– xÌÓy Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ˛õ!ÿ˛ü# ≤Ãï˛ƒÎ˚=ˆÏ°yˆÏܲ ˆáyÑçy– ˆÜ˛yÌyÎ˚ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ §yˆÏÌ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ñ xÌ≈yÍñ ˛õ!ÿ˛ü# û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ §yç%΃ñ ï˛yˆÏܲ á%шÏç ˆòáy– ~•z ò%•z ôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ xƒyˆÏ≤ÃyˆÏã˛•z Ó˚Ó#wöÿÏܲ üö !òˆÏÎ˚ ˛õí˛¸y •ˆÏÎ˚ ĈÏë˛ öy– ≤ÃÌüê˛yñ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÈÓ˚ !ÓÜ,˛ï˛ ˛õy벖 !mï˛#Î˚ê˛yñ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÈÓ˚ á[˛ ˛õy벖 ≤ÃÌüê˛yÎ˚ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÈÓ˚ ç#ÓöÓ#«˛yê˛yñ û˛yÓöyܲyë˛yˆÏüyê˛y•z ÓòˆÏ° ÎyÎ˚– !mï˛#Î˚ê˛yÎ˚ Ó˚Ó#wöÿÏܲ ˛õí˛¸y •Î˚ Ä•z ç#ÓöÓ#«˛yñ û˛yÓöyܲyë˛yˆÏüy •ˆÏï˛ !Ó!FåÈߨ ܲˆÏÓ˚– ≤ÃÌüê˛yÎ˚ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÈÓ˚ !ã˛hsˇyÓ˚ xyü)° ≤Ã!ï˛§Ó˚î– !mï˛#Î˚ê˛yÎ˚ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÈÓ˚ û˛yÓ!ӈϟªÓ˚ ã˛Ó˚ü §ÇˆÏܲyã˛ö– ô)ç≈!ê˛≤çyò ü%ˆÏáy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ Ó˚Ó#wöÿÏܲ !öˆÏÎ˚ !°áˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ Ó°ˆÏåÈö≠ “Probably the most convenient way of dealing
with Tagore’s work in various spheres is to take it as a whole and show the whole’s development. Any other way will be nibbling at him. The beautiful Indian illustration of blind men describing the elephant should be a warning against taking him piecemeal. A bare summation, on the other hand, would miss the spirit and the dynamics of his creation” (Mukerji, 2001 [1943]) ... Sô)ç≈!ê˛≤çyˆÏòÓ˚ Ó˚Ó#w ˛õyˆÏë˛Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ öçÓ˚ xyܲ£Ï≈î ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ xyüÓ˚y ˆòÓ£Ï≈# ï˛y°%ܲòyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ }î#V
1. §üÓyÎ˚ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ xÌ≈≠ §ü@ˇÃï˛yˆÏܲ öy Ó%é˛ˆÏ° Ú§üÓyÎ˚ÛˆÏܲ ˆÓyé˛y ÎyÎ˚ öy– Ú§üÓyÎ˚Û !öˆÏÎ˚ !°áˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ ï˛y•z ~ܲ•z §ü§ƒyÎ˚ ˛õí˛¸ˆÏï˛ •Î˚≠ §ü§ƒy 1≠ Ú§üÓyÎ˚Û Ó°ˆÏï˛ Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ !ë˛Ü˛ ܲ# Ó°ˆÏï˛ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö⁄ xÌ≈yÍñ §üÓyÎ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ §ü§ƒyê˛y ≤ÃyÌ!üܲû˛yˆÏÓ xö%ÓyˆÏòÓ˚– §ü§ƒyê˛y ÷ô%üye û˛y!£Ïܲ xö%ÓyˆÏòÓ˚ öÎ˚– §ü§ƒyê˛y xyÓ˚Ä àû˛#ˆÏÓ˚– §ü§ƒyê˛y ܲy°ã˛yÓ˚y° ê˛∆y™ˆÏ°¢ˆÏöÓ˚– §yÇfl,Ò!ï˛Ü˛û˛yˆÏÓ ˛õ,Ìܲ ~ܲê˛y ˆê˛:ê˛ xyüÓ˚y ˛õí˛¸Ó Ü˛# û˛yˆÏÓ⁄ How to read a culturally different text? xyüÓ˚y •zLjÏÓ˚!ç !¢«˛yÎ˚ !¢!«˛ï˛– •zí˛z!öû˛y!§≈!ê˛ !§ˆÏfiê˛ˆÏüÓ˚ ˆ≤Ãyí˛yQ– ˛õ!ÿ˛ü# ôƒyöôyÓ˚îyÎ˚ §•ç Ä xû˛ƒhflÏ– ˆÜ˛üöû˛yˆÏÓ xyüÓ˚y Ó%é˛Ó Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ Ü˛# Ó°ˆÏï˛ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö⁄ §ü§ƒyê˛y ï˛y•z ~ܲ•z§ˆÏD ܲü!≤Èϕö¢ˆÏöÓ˚– §ü§ƒyê˛y ~ܲôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ K˛yöï˛y!_¥Ü˛ ≤ÃyܲyÓ˚ÈÙÈ≤Ãyã˛#ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ S~ܲê˛y cognitive Óy interpretative hurdleÙÈ~Ó˚V– xyüÓ˚y Ó˚Ó#wöÿÏܲ !ë˛Ü˛ Ó%é˛!åÈ ˆï˛y⁄ xyüÓ˚y !ܲ Ó˚Ó#wöÿÏܲ ˆÓyé˛yÓ˚ ˆÎyàƒï˛y xç≈ö ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ⁄ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õ!ÿ˛ü# !¢«˛y Ó˚Ó#wöÿÏܲ ˆÓyé˛yÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÌ ~ܲê˛y ≤ÃyÎ˚ ã˛Ó˚ü xhsˇÓ˚yÎ˚ öÎ˚ ˆï˛y⁄ ≤ÃÌü §ü§ƒyê˛y !öˆÏÎ˚ àyÎ˚e# ã˛e´Óï≈˛# !flõû˛yܲ àû˛#Ó˚û˛yˆÏÓ ˆû˛ˆÏÓˆÏåÈö– ˆ§•z û˛yÓöyÓ˚ åÈyÎ˚y ~•z ˆ°áyÓ˚ åÈyÎ˚y§D#– §ü§ƒy 2≠ ܲáöñ !ܲû˛yˆÏÓ Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ ˆ˛õÑÔåȈϰö §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ôyÓ˚îyÎ˚⁄ ˆÜ˛ö ˆ˛õÑÔåȈϰö⁄ ˆÜ˛ö ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö ˛õí˛¸° §üÓyÎ˚
öyüܲ ~ܲê˛y ôyÓ˚îyÓ˚⁄ xÌ≈yÍñ §ü§ƒyê˛y Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ Óƒ!_´ÈÙÈ•z!ï˛•yˆÏ§Ó˚ñ ï˛yÑÓ˚ xhsˇ•z≈!ï˛•yˆÏ§Ó˚– §ü§ƒyê˛y Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ !ã˛hsˇyÈÙȈã˛ï˛öyÓ˚ •z!ï˛•yˆÏ§Ó˚– Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ ˛õÌã˛°yÓ˚ •z!ï˛•yˆÏ§ ˆÜ˛yÌyÎ˚ =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈ •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛z벰 §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ôyÓ˚îyê˛y⁄ ˆÜ˛ö⁄ !mï˛#Î˚ §ü§ƒyê˛y !öˆÏÎ˚ ú˛Ó˚y!§ òy¢≈!öܲ !üˆÏ¢° ú%˛ˆÏܲy xyç#Óö ˆû˛ˆÏÓˆÏåÈö– ܲyç ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– Î%!_´ÈÙÈxÎ%!_´ñ fl∫yû˛y!ÓܲÈÙÈxfl∫yû˛y!Óܲñ x˛õÓ˚yôÈÙÈx˛õÓ˚yô#ñ ¢Ó˚#Ó˚ÈÙȈÓ˚yà#ÈÙÈfly∫ fliƒÈÙȧflï˛yñ ˆ§:%Îy˚ !°!ê˛ ÈÙÙÙÈ ~üöï˛Ó˚ xˆÏöܲ ÚôyÓ˚îyÓ˚ •z!ï˛•y§Û !°ˆÏáˆÏåÈö ú%˛ˆÏܲy– àˆÏí˛¸ˆåÈö ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ç!ê˛° !ç!öÄ°!ç– % i Ï §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ xö%Ó˚*˛õ !ç!öÄ°!ç Óƒï˛#ï˛ §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ˆÏܲ ˆÓyé˛y §Ω˛Ó öÎ˚– xyÓ˚•z §Ω˛Ó öÎ˚ñ ܲyÓ˚îñ ˆÜ˛yÈÙÈx˛õyˆÏÓ˚!ê˛ˆÏû˛Ó˚ ≤ß¿ê˛y •zĈÏÓ˚yˆÏ˛õ ˆÎ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏï˛ í˛zˆÏë˛ ~ˆÏ§!åÈ°ñ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ ˛õÌã˛°yÎ˚ §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ≤ß¿ê˛y ˆ§•z xö%£ÏˆÏD í˛zˆÏë˛ xyˆÏ§!ö– •zĈÏÓ˚yˆÏ˛õ ≤ß¿ê˛y ü)°ï˛ ܲyÓ˚áyöyÈÙÈ◊!üˆÏܲÓ˚ §ÇâÓk˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ Äë˛yÓ˚ñ xÌ≈yÍñ ◊!üˆÏܲÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yÈÙÈx˛õyˆÏÓ˚!ê˛û˛ àˆÏí˛¸ ˆï˛y°yÓ˚ !Ó≤’Ó# ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö#Î˚ï˛yÓ˚ ˆ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏï˛ xÌ≈Ó• •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zˆÏë˛!åÈ°– •zĈÏÓ˚yˆÏ˛õ ˆÜ˛yÈÙÈx˛õyˆÏÓ˚!ê˛ˆÏû˛Ó˚ ôyÓ˚îyê˛y xyܲyÓ˚ ˛õyˆÏFåÈ ˛õ%Ñ!ç ~ÓÇ ◊ˆÏüÓ˚ xö%£ÏˆÏD– !ܲv Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ ܲÌy Ä Ü˛yˆÏç §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ≤ß¿ê˛y ¢‡ˆÏÓ˚ Ϋ˛˛õ%Ó˚#ñ ¢‡ˆÏÓ˚ ˆ°yû˛ÈÙÈ°y°§y ~ÓÇ @ˇÃyü Óy ˛õÕ‘#ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ xÓöüˆÏöÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏï˛ í˛zˆÏë˛ ~ˆÏ§!åÈ°– •zĈÏÓ˚yˆÏ˛õ mß∫ê˛y ˛õ%Ñ!ç Ä ◊ˆÏüÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ– ~áyˆÏö m®µê˛y ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Ä @ˇÃyˆÏüÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ– m®µê˛y ¢‡ˆÏÓ˚ ç#ÓöÎyeyÎ˚ ~ÓÇ ˛õÕ‘#Ó˚ ç#ÓöÎyeyÎ˚– ~ÓÇ ˛õÕ‘#Ó˚ ˛õ%öÓ˚&I#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ ܲ“öyÎ˚ í˛zqy!§ï˛ ~•z §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ôyÓ˚îy– Ú!ò ˆÜ˛yÈÙÈx˛õyˆÏÓ˚!ê˛û˛ !≤Ã!™˛õy°Û öyüܲ ˆ°áyÎ˚ §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ xyˆÏ°yã˛öyê˛y Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ ÷Ó˚&•z ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ~•zû˛yˆÏÓ≠ ÓyÇ°yÓ˚ °«˛ @ˇÃyü xyç !öhflÏ∏˛ñ !öˆÏhflÏ°– Ü%˛ˆÏÓÓ˚ òá° !öˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ üöÈÙÈüöˆÏöÓ˚– Ü%˛ˆÏÓˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ò° §Ü˛°ˆÏܲ !öˆÏÎ˚ ÎyˆÏFåÈ ¢‡ˆÏÓ˚ Ϋ˛˛õ%Ó˚#ˆÏï˛– ~•z xö%£ÏˆÏD àyÑ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ °-#åÈyí˛¸y– àyшÏÎ˚Ó˚ °-# •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ âÓ˚åÈyí˛¸y– xyç @ˇÃyˆÏü @ˇÃyˆÏü ΈÏüÓ˚ Ó˚yçc– xÌã˛ @ˇÃyü•z ˆï˛y xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ≤ÃÜ,˛ï˛ üyï,˛û)˛!ü– xyô%!ö!ܲܲÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ ï˛yí˛¸yÎ˚ñ ¢‡ˆÏÓ˚ çyï˛#Î˚ï˛yÓyˆÏòÓ˚ ã˛yˆÏ˛õ ˆ§•z xy§° üyï,˛û)˛!ü•z xyç §Ó ã˛y•zˆÏï˛ xöyò,ï˛–2 xÌ≈yÍñ @ˇÃyü§üyˆÏçÓ˚ ˛õ%öÓ˚&ayˆÏöÓ˚ xö%£ÏˆÏD §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ≤ß¿ê˛y í˛zay!˛õï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ˆòˆÏ¢– í˛zay!˛õï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ~ܲ xöƒ çyï˛#Î˚ï˛yÓyòñ ~ܲ xöƒ §üyç!öü≈yîÈÙÈܲ“öyñ ~ܲ xöƒ üyö%£ÏÈÙÈ!öü≈yˆÏîÓ˚ xö%£ÏˆÏD– Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ §üÓyÎ˚ ˆÎö ~ܲ xöƒ üyö%£Ïñ Óy üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ~ܲ xööƒ ôˆÏü≈Ó˚ ˆáyÑç– ~üö ~ܲ üyö%£Ï ˆÎ !öˆÏçÓ˚ Úxydï˛ƒyˆÏàÓ˚ ܲy˛õ≈îƒÛÈÙÈÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ ôƒyöÓ˚ï˛– ~ÓÇ ˆÎ ~•z xydï˛ƒyˆÏàÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ á%ÑçˆÏåÈ xyôƒy!dܲï˛y– ~ÓÇ ˆÎ xyôƒy!dܲï˛y Úçö§D Óç≈ö ܲ!Ó˚Î˚y ÷!ã˛ ••zÎ˚yÛ ÌyܲyÓ˚ xyôƒy!dܲï˛y öÎ˚– ˆÎ xyôƒy!dܲï˛y öyü çˆÏ˛õÓ˚ xyôƒy!dܲï˛y öÎ˚– ˆÎ xyôƒy!dܲï˛y ÚxyˆÏÓ˚yÓ˚ •zFåÈyÛÈÙÈˆÜ˛ çÎ˚ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ xyôƒy!dܲï˛y– ~•z xyôƒy!dܲï˛y @ˇÃyˆÏüÓ˚ Úxyd#Î˚ÈÙȧüyçÛÈÙÈ~Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ !ú˛!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ xyöy xÌÓy ã˛y!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˆòÄÎ˚y•z ˆÎö ܲ!ÓÓ˚ §üÓyÎ˚ÈÙÈxö%§yÓ˚# ܲ“öyÓ˚ xö%ˆÏ≤ÃÓ˚îy– §ü§ƒy 3≠ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ ˆú ˛üÄÎ˚yˆÏÜ≈˛ñ !ã˛hsˇyܲyë˛yˆÏüyÎ˚ §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ çyÎ˚ày ˆÜ˛yÌyÎ˚⁄ xÌ≈yÍñ §ü§ƒyê˛y òy¢≈!öܲ– Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ ò¢≈ˆÏö §üÓyÎ˚ ˆÜ˛üöû˛yˆÏÓ çyÎ˚ày ˆ˛õ°⁄ ˆÜ˛yÌyÎ˚ çyÎ˚ày ˆ˛õ°⁄ ~ÓÇ çyÎ˚ày ˛õyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ú˛ˆÏ° ˆú ˛üÄÎ˚yÜ≈˛ê˛yÓ˚ñ !ã˛hsˇyܲyë˛yˆÏüyê˛yÓ˚ ܲ# •°⁄ ú%˛ˆÏܲyÓ˚ û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ Ó°ˆÏ° §ü§ƒyê˛y xyˆÏÜ≈˛Ä°!çܲy°– §üÓyÎ˚ öyüܲ ôyÓ˚îyê˛y á%шÏí˛¸ xyöˆÏï˛ •Î˚ ôyÓ˚îyÓ˚ çy°ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ üôƒ ˆÌˆÏܲ ~ÓÇ ˆ§•z ôyÓ˚îyÓ˚ çyˆÏ°Ó˚ xö%£ÏˆÏD•z ï˛yˆÏܲ Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ •Î˚– ˆ§•z ôyÓ˚îyÓ˚ çy° Óƒï˛#ï˛ ï˛yˆÏܲ Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ ˆàˆÏ° ˆÓyé˛yÎ˚ ú˛yÑܲ ˆÌˆÏܲ ÎyÎ˚– xÌ≈yÍñ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ §ü@ˇÃê˛y öy Ó%é˛ˆÏ° §üÓyÎ˚ˆÏܲ ˆÓyé˛y ÎyˆÏÓ öy– §üˆÏ@ˇÃÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏï˛•z §üÓyÎ˚ öyüܲ ôyÓ˚îyê˛y xÌ≈Ó• •ˆÏÎ˚ ĈÏ벖
We see our real motherland in the village; her heart is there, and it is there that Lakshmi, the Goddess of Plenty, seeks her throne. For a long time that throne has not been kept ready for her, for the opulent demi-god Kuver has lured men’s minds away to the city’s yakshapuri. We have long neglected to invoke Lakshmi to her own sphere of plenty; thus from the land have vanished health and beauty, knowledge and joy, and even of life itself little remains. To-day in the village the tanks are dry, the air pestilent, the roads impassable, the granaries empty and social bonds lax. Envy and malice, squabbles and misdeeds hasten the decay of the crumbling society. The end seems near, for in this squalid, uncared-for land the fearful rule of Yama grows more powerful every day.
2
§ü§ƒy 4≠ §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ •zLjÏÓ˚!ç ï˛ç≈üy ܲ# •ˆÏÓñ ܲ# •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚⁄ ˆÜ˛yÈÙÈx˛õyˆÏÓ˚!ê˛û˛⁄ §üÓyÎ˚ üyˆÏö !ܲ ˆÜ˛yÈÙÈx˛õyˆÏÓ˚!ê˛û˛⁄ xÓ¢ƒ•z §üÓyÎ˚ öyüܲ ôyÓ˚îyê˛y ˛õ!ÿ˛ˆÏüÓ˚ Óƒy!_´ÈÙȧÓ≈flï˛yˆÏܲñ xy!üÈÙÈˆÜ˛!wܲï˛yˆÏܲ ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ ü%ˆÏá ˆú˛ˆÏ°– xÓ¢ƒ•z §üÓyÎ˚ ܲyˆÏ°Ü˛!ê˛û˛ ∫ Óy ˆày¤˛# öÎ˚– ܲyˆÏ°Ü˛!ê˛û˛ Óy ˆày¤˛# öyüܲ pseudo-speciation ˆÌˆÏܲ Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ ÓÓ˚yÓÓ˚•z ò)ˆÏÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲˆÏåÈö– çyï˛#Î˚ï˛yÓyˆÏòÓ˚ §ˆÏDñ çyï˛#Î˚ï˛yÓyˆÏòÓ˚ §ü!‹T!öü≈yîÈÙÈ≤Ã!e´Î˚y §ˆÏD Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ ÓÓ˚yÓÓ˚•z ~ܲ §üyˆÏ°yã˛öydܲ §¡õˆÏÜ≈˛ !öÎ%_´ !åȈϰö– ˆàyÓ˚yñ âˆÏÓ˚ Óy•zˆÏÓ˚ñ ã˛yÓ˚ xôƒyÎ˚ ï˛yÓ˚•z í˛zòy•Ó˚î– ˆày¤˛#û˛yÓöy ï˛yˆÏ§Ó˚ ˆò¢ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ !ӈϢ£Ïc– ï˛yˆÏï˛ §,!‹T¢#°ï˛y ˆö•z– §üÓyÎ˚ ~ܲ•z§ˆÏD Óƒy!_´ Ä ˆày¤˛#ÈÙÈí˛z_!Ó˚ï˛ ~ܲ ≤Ãï˛ƒÎ˚– !ܲv §üÓyÎ˚ ÷ô%üye Ó›ñ §yü@ˇÃ# Óy ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ§ÓyÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yÈÙÈx˛õyˆÏÓ˚!ê˛û˛ öÎ˚– §üÓyÎ˚ ÷ô%üye í˛zͲõyòö Óy Ó^ˇê˛ˆÏöÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yÈÙÈx˛õyˆÏÓ˚!ê˛û˛ öÎ˚– §üÓyÎ˚ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yÈÙÈx˛õyˆÏÓ˚!ê˛û˛– ~•z üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yÈÙÈx˛õyˆÏÓ˚!ê˛û˛ˆÏܲ Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏ° Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ •Î˚ üyö%£Ï Ó°ˆÏï˛ Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ Ü˛# Ó%ˆÏé˛ˆÏåÈö– §ü§ƒy 5≠ §üÓyÎ˚ !ܲ ˜ö!ï˛Ü˛ï˛yÓ˚ ≤ß¿⁄ öy!ܲ ܲ!ÓÓ˚ §üÓyÎ˚ ü)°ï˛ ˆ§Ô®ˆÏÎ≈Ó˚ ≤ß¿⁄ ˆ§Ô®Î≈ ˆï˛y §y!•ï˛ƒñ !¢“ÈÙÈܲ°yÓ˚ ˜Ó!¢‹Tƒ– §üyçÈÙÈܲ“öyÎ˚ñ §üyçÈÙÈ!öü≈yˆÏî !ܲû˛yˆÏÓ xy§ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ §%®ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xÓû˛y§⁄ ˛õ!ÿ˛ü# !ӈϟª §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ xy•¥yö ˜ö!ï˛Ü˛ï˛yÓ˚ xy•¥yö– ܲ!ÓÓ˚ §üÓyÎ˚ !ܲ ~ܲ•z§ˆÏD §%®ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xˆÏߣÏî⁄ ∫ 2. §üÓyÎ˚ Ä Ó˚Ó#wÈÙÈò¢≈ö≠ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ ôyÓ˚îyܲyë˛yˆÏüyÎ˚ xhsˇï˛ ã˛yÓ˚ˆÏê˛ ≤ÃyÎ˚ÈÙÈ!ÓŸªçö#ö ≤ß¿ =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈≠ 1. Úüyö%£ÏÛ Ó°ˆÏï˛ xyüÓ˚y ܲ# Ó%!é˛⁄ üyö%£Ï üyˆÏö ܲ#⁄ §û˛ƒï˛yÓ˚ §ÇܲˆÏê˛Ó˚ ã˛Ó˚ü ü)‡ˆÏï≈˛ñ Îáö •zĈÏÓ˚yˆÏ˛õÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ !ÓŸªy§ ~ˆÏܲÓyˆÏÓ˚ ˆòí˛z!°Î˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈñ ï˛áöÄ Ü˛!Ó Ó°ˆÏåÈö≠ ÚÚ!ܲv üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ !ÓŸªy§ •yÓ˚yˆÏöy ˛õy˛õñ ˆ§ !ÓŸªy§ ˆ¢£Ï ˛õÎ≈hsˇ Ó˚«˛y ܲÓ˚Ó– ... xyÓ˚ÈÙÈ~ܲ!òö x˛õÓ˚y!çï˛ üyö%£Ï !öˆÏçÓ˚ çÎ˚ÎyeyÓ˚ x!û˛ÎyˆÏö §Ü˛° Óyôy x!ï˛e´ü ܲˆÏÓ˚ x@ˇÃ§Ó˚ •ˆÏÓ ï˛yÓ˚ ü•Í üÎ≈yòy !ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˛õyÓyÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÌ– üö%£ÏƒˆÏcÓ˚ xhsˇ•#ö ≤Ã!ï˛Ü˛yÓ˚•#ö ˛õÓ˚yû˛ÓˆÏܲ ã˛Ó˚ü ӈϰ !ÓŸªy§ ܲÓ˚yˆÏܲ xy!ü x˛õÓ˚yô üˆÏö ܲ!Ó˚ÛÛ– xöƒ!òˆÏܲ •zĈÏÓ˚yˆÏ˛õ ò%•z ôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ üyö%£ÏÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ܲÌy •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~ܲê˛y üyö%£Ï Ó˚_´üyLjϧÓ˚– ÎyÓ˚ ˛õ)Ó≈˛õ%Ó˚&£Ï ÓyöÓ˚– xöƒ!òˆÏܲ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ôyÓ˚îyÓ˚ üyö%£Ï Óy üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ôyÓ˚îy– Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ˆ§•z xyò¢≈ ˆÎáyˆÏö ˆ˛õÑÔåȈÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ Ó˚_´üyLjϧÓ˚ üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ– û˛yÓöyÓ˚ ~•z ˆú ˛ˆÏü Ó˚_´üyˆÏLjϧÓ˚ üyö%£Ï!ê˛ fl∫Î˚Ç ~ܲê˛y §ü§ƒy– ܲyÓ˚î ~•z üyö%£Ï!ê˛ •Î˚ Óí˛¸ ˆÓyܲy öÎ˚ Óí˛¸ fl∫yÌ≈˛õÓ˚– Óí˛¸ ˆ°yû˛#ñ !•ÇflÀ≠ ÚÚ§,!‹TÓ˚ üˆÏöÓ˚ ܲÌy üˆÏö •Î˚ ˆm£ÏÛÛ– ~•z üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ í˛z˛õˆÏÓ˚ xyfliy Ó˚yáy ¢_´– ï˛y•z ~•z üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ í˛z˛õˆÏÓ˚ Ó§yˆÏï˛ •Î˚ Ó˚y‹T… öyüܲ ~ܲê˛y ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yöˆÏܲ– ˆÎ ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yö üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ §ÇÎï˛ Ó˚yáˆÏÓñ ï˛yÓ˚ x!ôܲyÓ˚ Ó˚«˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓñ ~ÓÇ ï˛yˆÏܲ ˆòˆÏÓ ~ܲê˛y §%!fliÓ˚ §üyç– ï˛yˆÏܲ Úüyö%£ÏÛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ ï%˛°ˆÏÓ– ܲˆÏÓ˚ ï%˛°ˆÏÓ Ó˚y‹T…ÈÙÈxö%K˛yÈÙÈxö%§yÓ˚# ~ܲ öyà!Ó˚ܲ– ~ܲ xy•zöyö%à Ú!§!ê˛ˆÏçöÛ– !ܲv ˆÜ˛üö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ï˛y •ˆÏÓ⁄ ~•z xyôyÈÙÈ˛õ÷ xyôyÈÙÈüyö%£Ï ~ܲ ÎÌyÌ≈ üyö%£Ï •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zë˛ˆÏÓ !¢«˛yò#«˛yñ ˛õë˛ö ˛õyë˛Ïö ~ÓÇ õ!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚ñ ã˛yã≈˛ñ fl%Ò°ÈÙÈܲˆÏ°çÈÙÈ•zí˛z!öû˛y!§≈!ê˛Ó˚ xö%¢y§ˆÏöÓ˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚– ~•zû˛yˆÏÓ•z Ó˚y‹T… •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛z벰 ~ܲôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ ˆ§Ü%˛ƒ°yÓ˚ SÓy ôü≈!öÓ˚ˆÏ˛õ«˛V !ÌÄ°!ç– ˆÎö ï˛y ~ܲ xyô%!öܲ !ÌÄ°!ç– ~ï˛Ü˛y° {ŸªÓ˚ !åȈϰö §Ó≈¢!_´üyö– ~ÓyÓ˚ Ó˚y‹T… •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛z벰 ˆ§•z öÓƒÈÙȧÓ≈¢!_´üyö– ~ï˛Ü˛y° {ŸªÓ˚ ӈϧ !åȈϰö ˛õy˛õ# üyö%ˆÏ£Ï˛Ó˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚– ~ÓyÓ˚ Ó˚yˆÏ‹T…Ó˚ ¢y§ö ܲyˆÏÎ˚ü •° !ò຋T üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚– !ÌÄ°!çÓ˚ ü)°†ˆüÔ°Óyò# ˆú ˛üÄÎ˚yˆÏÜ≈˛ üyö%£Ï ˛õy˛õ#–
üyö%£ÏÈ ≤Ãôyöï˛ ˛õy˛õ†¢y˛õ@ˇÃhflÏ– ~•z çàͧǧyÓ˚ñ ~•z üyöÓÈÙÈx!hflÏcÄ ˆï˛y ¢Î˚ï˛yö SSatanV xye´yhsˇ– •z!û˛°ˆÏö§ SEvilnessV ~•z üyöÓ≤Ãçy!ï˛Ó˚ !ӈϢ£Ïc– ~•z •z!û˛°ˆÏö§ÈÙÈ•z Úüyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ôü≈Û– ày¶˛#ÈÙÈÓ˚Ó#wöyÌ ÈÙÙÙÈ í˛zû˛Î˚•z üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ñ üyöÓã˛!Ó˚ˆÏeÓ˚ ï˛Ìy üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ôˆÏü≈Ó˚ ~•z ˛õ!ÿ˛ü •zĈÏÓ˚y˛õ#Î˚ ~ÓÇ !á fiê˛#Î˚ í˛z˛õfliy˛õöyˆÏܲ ≤ß¿ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö– •y° xyüˆÏ° ˆçyöyÌyö !°Î˚yÓ˚ °yû˛ xƒy[˛ •zê‰˛§ ˆ≤’§ •zö ˆöã˛yÓ˚ @ˇÃˆÏsi xö%Ó˚*˛õ ≤ß¿ ï%˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈö üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ôˆÏü≈Ó˚ ~•z ˆöˆÏà!ê˛û˛ Óy x¶˛Ü˛yÓ˚ !ã˛eyÎ˚ö ≤çˆÏD– üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ~•z ôyÓ˚ܲ •z!û˛°ˆÏö§ÈÙÈˆÜ˛ xÓ°¡∫ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛Ó˚ ~ܲê˛y Ó˚y‹T…ˆÏܲ!wܲ ܲ“öy ˛õ!ÿ˛ˆÏü xyܲyÓ˚ ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– xöƒ!òˆÏܲñ Sày¶˛# ÄV Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛ÈÙÈܲ“öy üyö%£ÏÈÙÈxö%§yÓ˚#– ܲyÓ˚îñ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ xhsˇ°≈#ö üyöÓï˛yÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ í˛zû˛ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚•z !ÓŸªy§ xyˆÏåÈ– í˛zû˛Î˚•z üˆÏö ܲˆÏÓ˚ö Ä•z xhsˇ°≈#ö üyöÓï˛yÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ !û˛!_ ܲˆÏÓ˚ öï%˛ö §üyˆÏçÓ˚ àë˛ö Ä !öü≈yî •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– §üÓyÎ˚ ˆ§•z !öü≈yˆÏî ~ܲê˛y =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈ ôy˛õ– 2. ~•z çàͧǧyˆÏÓ˚ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ fliyö ˆÜ˛yÌyÎ˚⁄ ~•z çàͧǧyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §ˆÏD üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ §¡õÜ≈˛ ܲ#⁄ üyö%£Ï ~•z çàͧǧyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ü)° öÎ˚ñ ܲï≈˛y öÎ˚ñ ˆÜ˛w öÎ˚– üyö%£Ï ~•z çàͧǧyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xàîö xˆÏ«˛Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ ~ܲ!ê˛ x«˛üye– x§#ˆÏüÓ˚ üyˆÏé˛ üyö%£ÏˆÎö ~ܲ !Ó®%§ü– ~ÓÇ ~•z !Ó®%Ó˚ ~ܲ!òˆÏܲ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ «%˛oï˛y≠ ÚçˆÏß√•z ˆò!á «%˛o xy!üÛ– xyÓ˚ xöƒ!òˆÏܲ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ü,ï%˛ƒÓ˚*˛õ# ¢)îƒï˛y– fl∫#Î˚ «%˛oï˛y Ä ¢)îƒï˛yÓ˚ ~•z ˆÓyô•z üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ ≤â!üï˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– §#üy!Î˚ï˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ ï˛yÓ˚ ˆ°yû˛ñ °y°§yñ xy@ˇÃy§ö– Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ §üÓyÎ˚ÈÙÈܲ“öy òyÑ!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏåÈ ~•z ò%!ê˛ ˆÓyˆÏôÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚– ܲyÓ˚î ~•z ò%!ê˛ ˆÓyô•z üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ ˆ¢áyÎ˚ §ÇÎü– ˆ¢áyÎ˚ §#üy!Î˚ï˛ÈÙÈï˛yÓ˚ ò¢≈ö– ˆ¢áyÎ˚ x§#ˆÏüÓ˚ üyˆÏé˛ !öü!Iï˛ ~ܲ §yüyöƒ §_yÓ˚ ܲy!•ö#– 3. üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ôü≈ ܲ#⁄ ܲ!Ó üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ôü≈ˆÏܲ !ï˛öû˛yˆÏà û˛yà ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö ˛õˆÏÌÓ˚ §M˛ÈˆÏÎ˚ SÚò%•z •zFåÈyÛV≠ SܲV fl∫yÌ≈ÈÙÈôü≈≠ ÚÚüyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ x•ˆÏüÓ˚ !òܲê˛y•z §Çܲ#î≈– ... !öˆÏçÓ˚ §%áñ !öˆÏçÓ˚ fl∫yÌ≈ñ !öˆÏçÓ˚ «˛üï˛yˆÏܲ x˛õ!Ó˚§#ü ܲ!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚ ˆã˛‹Ty xyd•ï˛ƒyÓ˚ ˆã˛‹TyÛÛ– SáV ˛õÓ˚üyÌ≈ÈÙÈôü≈≠ fl∫yˆÏÌ≈Ó˚ í˛zˆÏŒê˛yê˛yÄ Ü˛!ÓˆÏܲ §v‹T ܲÓ˚° öy– üyö%£Ï Îáö ÚÚfl∫yˆÏÌ≈Ó˚ ˆ«˛e ï˛ƒyà ܲ!Ó˚Î˚y ˛õÓ˚üyˆÏÌ≈Ó˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ≤ÈÏÓ¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ï˛áö ˆ§Ä ÓˆÏí˛¸y Ü%˛Í!§ï˛– ï˛áö ˆ§ ˆÜ˛Ó°•z ˛õ%ˆÏîƒÓ˚ !•§yÓ Ó˚y!áˆÏï˛ ÌyˆÏܲ– ... ï˛y•yˆÏܲ ú˛°yú˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ xˆÏB˛ =îû˛yà ܲ!Ó˚Î˚y àîöy ܲ!Ó˚ˆÏï˛ ÌyˆÏܲ– ... •z•y xyôƒy!dܲï˛yˆÏܲ Óy!•ƒÜ˛ Ä ˛õÓ˚üyÌ≈ˆÏܲ fl∫yÌ≈ ܲ!Ó˚Î˚y ˆï˛y°yÛÛ– SàV xyö®ÈÙÈôü≈≠ ÚÚxöƒyöƒ çvˆÏòÓ˚ öƒyÎ˚ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ö#ˆÏã˛Ó˚ •zFåÈyê˛y ò%Éá!öÓ,!_Ó˚ •zFåÈyñ xyÓ˚ í˛z˛õˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ •zFåÈyê˛y ò%ÉáˆÏܲ xyd§yÍ Ü˛!Ó˚Î˚y xyö®°yˆÏû˛Ó˚ •zFåÈyÛÛ– !ܲv ~•z xyöˆÏ®Ó˚ í˛z˛õy§öy •ˆÏÓ !ܲû˛yˆÏÓ⁄ ~ܲyôyˆÏÓ˚ñ §#üyÈÙȧÇÎüÈÙÈï˛ƒyà– xöƒ!òˆÏܲñ x§#ü ï˛Ìy xöˆÏhsˇÓ˚ xˆÏß∫£ÏˆÏîÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ•z üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ xyö®– ~•z xˆÏß∫£Ïî•z üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ü ôü≈– ≤ß¿ í˛zë˛ˆÏÓ≠ ôü≈ üyˆÏö ܲ#⁄ ܲ!ÓÓ˚ üˆÏï˛ñ ôü≈ ¢ˆÏ∑Ó˚ ˆàyí˛¸yܲyÓ˚ xÌ≈ñ Îy•y ô!Ó˚Î˚y Ó˚yˆÏá ... Îy•y ÓyÑ!ôÎ˚y ˆï˛yˆÏ°– üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ôü≈ ï˛y•ˆÏ° ܲ#⁄ §Ω˛Óï˛ñ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ Îy•y !ܲå%È xyˆÏåÈ Îy ô!Ó˚Î˚y Ó˚yˆÏá– xÌÓy Îy•y üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ ô!Ó˚Î˚y Ó˚yˆÏá– Îy üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ ôyÓ˚î ܲˆÏÓ˚– xÌÓy üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ ô!Ó˚Î˚y Ó˚yáyÓ˚ ò¢≈ö– ~•z ô!Ó˚Î˚y Ó˚yáyÓ˚ ò¢≈ˆÏöÓ˚ ï˛Ìy ≤Ãyܲ!§ˆÏ§Ó˚ ˆáyшÏç•z !ܲ Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ôyÓ˚îyÎ˚ ˆ˛õÑÔåȈϰö⁄ ˛õˆÏÌÓ˚ §M˛ÈˆÏÎ˚ Ú§#üy Ä x§#üï˛yÛ öyüܲ ≤Ãӈ϶˛ ܲ!Ó Ó°ˆÏåÈö≠ ÚÚüyö%£Ï˛ôü≈ˆÏܲ Ó¶˛ö Ó!°Î˚y fl∫#ܲyÓ˚ ܲ!Ó˚Î˚yˆÏåÈ– ôü≈•z üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ˆã˛‹TyÓ˚ ˆ«˛eˆÏܲ §#üyÓk˛ ܲ!Ó˚Î˚y §Çܲ#î≈ ܲ!Ó˚Î˚y ï%˛!°Î˚yˆÏåÈ– ~•z Ó¶˛öˆÏܲ fl∫#ܲyÓ˚ ܲÓ˚yñ ~•z §#üyˆÏܲ °yû˛ ܲÓ˚y•z üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ã˛Ó˚ü §yôöy– ˆÜ˛ööy §#üy•z §,!‹T– §#üyˆÏÓ˚áy Îï˛•z §%!Ó!•ï˛ §%flõ‹T •Î˚ §,!‹T ï˛ï˛•z §ï˛ƒ Ä §%®Ó˚ ••zˆÏï˛ ÌyˆÏܲ– xyöˆÏ®Ó˚
fl∫û˛yÓ•z ~•zñ §#üyˆÏܲ í˛zò!û˛ß¨ ܲ!Ó˚Î˚y ˆï˛y°y– ... ôü≈Ä üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ üö%£ÏƒcˆÏܲ ï˛y•yÓ˚ §ï˛ƒ §#üyÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ fl≥%˛ê˛ï˛Ó˚ ܲ!Ó˚Î˚y ï%˛!°ÓyÓ˚ ¢!_´ÛÛ– ܲ!ÓÓ˚ üˆÏï˛ñ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ §Ü˛° !¢«˛yÓ˚•z ü)ˆÏ° §ÇΈÏüÓ˚ §yôöy– §üÓyÎ˚Ä ~•z §ÇΈÏüÓ˚•z §yôöy– xyÓyÓ˚ §üÓyÎ˚ x§#ˆÏüÓ˚Ä §yôöy– ܲyÓ˚îñ ˆÎ ôˆÏü≈Ó˚ §y•yˆÏ΃ üyö%£Ï xy˛õöyÓ˚ §#üy á%Ñ!çˆÏï˛ˆÏåÈñ ˆ§•z ~ܲ•z ôˆÏü≈Ó˚ §y•yˆÏ΃ üyö%£Ï xy˛õöyÓ˚ x§#üˆÏܲ á%Ñ!çˆÏï˛ˆÏåÈ– ... !ÓŸª§Ç§yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §ühflÏ ˛õ)î≈ï˛yÓ˚ ü)ˆÏ°•z xyüÓ˚y ~•z m®µ ˆò!áˆÏï˛ ˛õy•zÛÛ– ~•z m®µ•z üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ôü≈– ~•z mˆÏ®µÓ˚•z xöƒ öyü Úüyö%£ÏÛ– ~•z üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ˆÜ˛Ó° çàÍ≤ÃÜ,˛!ï˛ ˆö•z– ~•z üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ §üyç≤ÃÜ,˛!ï˛ ÓˆÏ° xyÓ˚ÈÙÈ~ܲ!ê˛ xy◊Î˚ xyˆÏåÈ S¢y!hsˇ!öˆÏܲï˛öñ Ú§üyˆÏç ü%!_´Û≠ 299V– ~ܲ xˆÏÌ≈ ~•z ˆ°áyê˛y ˆ§•z §üyç≤ÃÜ,˛!ï˛ !öˆÏÎ˚– ~•z ˆ°áyê˛y ÚÚ§üyˆÏçÓ˚ §ˆÏD üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yö §¡ø¶˛ê˛y §ï˛ƒÛÛñ ï˛y !öˆÏÎ˚– ܲyÓ˚îñ ~ܲüye ÚÚˆ§•z §ï˛ƒ §¡øˆÏ¶˛•z üyö%£Ï §üyˆÏç ü%!_´°yû˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ÈÙÙÙÈ !ü̃yˆÏܲ ˆ§ Îï˛áy!ö xy§ö ˆòÎ˚ ï˛ï˛áy!ö•z Ó¶˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏܲ– §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ≤ß¿ê˛y §ï˛ƒñ !ü̃yñ ò%Éáñ xydyñ xyö®ñ xyôƒy!dܲï˛yÓ˚ ≤ß¿– Ó› Óy §yü@ˇÃ# Óy ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓyÓ˚ ≤ß¿ öÎ˚ ÷ô%– §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ≤ß¿ê˛y üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ôˆÏü≈Ó˚ ≤ß¿– üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ôü≈ñ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ §üyç ܲ# •ˆÏÓ ÈÙÙÙÈ ˆ§•z xhsˇÓ˚ï˛üñ ˆ§•z xhsˇˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ≤ß¿– ÓyÑã˛yÓ˚ ôü≈ñ ÓyÑã˛yÓ˚ í˛zÍܲ£Ï≈ñ ÓyÑã˛yÓ˚ xyöˆÏ®Ó˚ ≤ß¿– !ÓŸªyˆÏ§Ó˚ ≤ß¿ öÎ˚ ï˛y– !ÓŸªy§ öÎ˚ó ÓyÑã˛y– !Ó!°ú˛ xyÓ˚ !°!û˛ÇÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ˛õyÌ≈ܲƒ•z ˆÎö Ú!Ó˚!°!çÎ˚öÛ xyÓ˚ Úôü≈ÛÈÙÈ~Ó˚ xyܲyˆÏÓ˚ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ •Î˚– 4. ˆÜ˛üö •ˆÏÓ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ §üyç⁄ ÚˆÜ˛üö •ˆÏÓÛ≠ ~•z ≤ß¿ê˛yÓ˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÑ!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏåÈ ï,˛ï˛#Î˚ê˛yÓ˚ í˛z_ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚– xyÓ˚ ~•z ã˛yÓ˚ˆÏê˛ ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ §ˆÏD §ÇÎ%_´ •ˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏåÈ ~ܲê˛y àû˛#Ó˚ §yÇfl,Ò!ï˛Ü˛ !çK˛y§y≠ Ú§û˛ƒï˛yÓ˚ §Çܲê˛Û ˆï˛y üyöÓ ï˛Ìy üyöÓ§üyˆÏçÓ˚•z §ÇÜ˛ê˛– ~•z §ÇÜ˛ê˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ ü%!_´Ó˚ ˛õÌ Ü˛#⁄ ˆÜ˛ ˆòáyˆÏÓ ˆ§•z ü%!_´Ó˚ ˛õÌ ÈÙÙÙÈ ÚÚxyç xy¢y ܲˆÏÓ˚ xy!åÈñ ˛õ!Ó˚eyîܲï≈˛yÓ˚ çß√!òö xy§ˆÏåÈ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ~•z òy!Ó˚oƒ°y!N˛ï˛ Ü%˛ê˛#ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ üˆÏôƒó xˆÏ˛õ«˛y ܲˆÏÓ˚ ÌyÜ˛Ó §û˛ƒï˛yÓ˚ ˜òÓÓyî# ˆ§ !öˆÏÎ˚ xy§ˆÏÓñ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ã˛Ó˚ü xyŸªyˆÏ§Ó˚ ܲÌy üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ ~ˆÏ§ ˆ¢yöyˆÏÓ ~•z ˛õ)Ó≈!òàhsˇ ˆÌˆÏܲ•zÛÛ– ˆÜ˛ö ܲ!Ó ï˛y!ܲˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏåÈö ˛õ)Ó≈!òàˆÏhsˇÓ˚ !òˆÏܲ⁄ ˆÜ˛ö ܲ!Ó üˆÏö ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈöñ •zĈÏÓ˚y˛õ ~•z §Çܲê˛ÈÙÈ~ ˆÜ˛yöÄ öï%˛ö ˛õÌñ Óy ˆÜ˛yöÄ ü%!_´Ó˚ ˛õÌ ˆòáyˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏÓ öy⁄ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲê˛y §Ω˛yÓöyÓ˚ ܲÌy ~•z ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏï˛ û˛yÓy ˆÎˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚≠ §Ω˛yÓöy SܲV≠ ÚÚ~•z !ÓˆÏò¢# §û˛ƒï˛yñ Î!ò ~ˆÏܲ §û˛ƒï˛y ӈϰyñ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ܲ# x˛õ•Ó˚î ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ ï˛y çy!öó ˆ§ ï˛yÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ÓˆÏï≈˛ ò[˛ •yˆÏï˛ fliy˛õö ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ ÎyˆÏܲ öyü !òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ Law and Orderñ !Ó!ô ~ÓÇ ÓƒÓfliyñ Îy §¡õ)î≈ Óy•zˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !ç!ö§ñ Îy òˆÏÓ˚yÎ˚y!ö üye– ˛õyÿ˛yï˛ƒ çy!ï˛Ó˚ §û˛ƒï˛yÈÙÈx!û˛üyˆÏöÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ ◊k˛y Ó˚yáy x§yôƒ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ˆ§ ï˛yÓ˚ ¢!_´Ó˚*˛õ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ˆò!áˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈñ ü%!_´Ó˚*˛õ ˆòáyˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ !öÛÛ– üyöÓü%!_´Ó˚ çöƒ ܲ!Ó ï˛y•z ˛õ!ÿ˛ˆÏüÓ˚ !òˆÏܲ ï˛y!ܲˆÏÎ˚ ˆö•z– ܲ!Ó ˆ§•z ü%!_´Ó˚ Ó˚§ò á%ÑçˆÏåÈö xöƒ §Çfl,Ò!ï˛ñ xöƒï˛Ó˚ §üyçÈÙÈܲ“öyÎ˚– §üÓyÎ˚ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ôyÓ˚îy ˆ§•z ˆáyшÏçÓ˚•z ú˛§°– ܲ!ÓÓ˚ §üÓyÎ˚ ï˛y•z ~ܲ ÚöyÈÙÈ˛õ!ÿ˛ü#Û ≤Ãï˛ƒÎ˚– §Ω˛yÓöy SáV≠ ÚÚÎ˚%ˆÏÓ˚yˆÏ˛õÓ˚ §ˆÏD xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ §Çà#ˆÏï˛Ó˚ ~ܲ çyÎ˚àyÎ˚ ü)°ï˛É ≤ÈÏû˛ò xyˆÏåÈ ... •yü≈y!ö Óy fl∫Ó˚§Çà!ï˛ Î˚%ˆÏÓ˚y˛õ#Î˚ §Çà#ˆÏï˛Ó˚ ≤Ãôyö Ó›ñ xyÓ˚ Ó˚yàÓ˚y!àî#•z xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ §Çà#ˆÏï˛Ó˚ ü%რxÓ°¡∫ö– Î˚%ˆÏÓ˚y˛õ !Ó!ã˛ˆÏeÓ˚ !òˆÏܲ ò,!‹T Ó˚y!áÎ˚yˆÏåÈñ
xyüÓ˚y ~ˆÏܲÓ˚ !òˆÏܲ– ... !ã˛Ó˚ôyÓüyö !Ó!ã˛ˆÏeÓ˚ §ˆÏD ˆÎyà !òÎ˚y ï˛y° Ó˚y!áÎ˚y ã˛°yñ •z•y•z Î˚%ˆÏÓ˚y˛õ#Î˚ ≤ÃÜ,˛!ï˛ó xyÓ˚ !ã˛Ó˚!öhflÏk˛ ~ˆÏܲÓ˚ !òˆÏܲ ܲyö ˛õy!ï˛Î˚yñ üö Ó˚y!áÎ˚yñ xy˛õöyˆÏܲ ¢yhsˇ ܲÓ˚yñ •z•y•z xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ fl∫û˛yÓÛÛ– ... ÚÚxyüyˆÏòÓ˚ §Çà#ï˛ ~ˆÏܲÓ˚ àyöñ ~ܲ°yÓ˚ àyö ÈÙÙÙÈ !ܲv ï˛y•y ˆÜ˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ~ܲ öˆÏ•ñ ï˛y•y !ÓŸªÓƒy˛õ# ~ܲÛÛ– §üÓyÎ˚ ˆ§•z ˛õÓ˚ü Ú~ܲÛÈÙÈ~Ó˚•z §yôöy– ˛õ!ÿ˛ü Ú~ܲ •ÄÎ˚yÛ Ó°ˆÏï˛ ˆày¤˛# ˆÓyˆÏ鲖 ܲ!Ó Ú~ܲ •ÄÎ˚yÛ Ó°ˆÏï˛ ˆÓyˆÏé˛ö §¡õÜ≈˛§yôö– §üÓyÎ˚ ˆÎö Ú§#üyöy!fliï˛ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚Û ~ÓÇ Úx§#ü üö%£ÏƒˆÏcÓ˚Û üˆÏôƒ §¡õÜ≈˛§yôö– ˆ§•z §¡õÜ≈˛§yôˆÏö ˛õ!ÿ˛ü x˛õyÓ˚à– §Ω˛yÓöy SàV≠ ÚÚ˛õyÿ˛yï˛ƒ§üyç ˛õy!Ó˚Óy!Ó˚ܲ §üyç öˆÏ•ñ ï˛y•y çö§üyçñ ï˛y•y xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ §üyˆÏçÓ˚ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ÓƒyÆ– âˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ ï˛ï˛ê˛y ˛õ!Ó˚üyˆÏî ˆ§ öy•z Îï˛ê˛y ˛õ!Ó˚üyˆÏî Óy!•ˆÏÓ˚ xyˆÏåÈ– ... S!ܲvV Î˚%ˆÏÓ˚yˆÏ˛õÓ˚ ~•z Óƒy˛õܲ §üyç ~áˆÏöy ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy §üyôyˆÏöÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ xy!§Î˚y ˆ˛õÑÔˆÏåÈ öy•z– ... ~áöÄ ï˛y•yÓ˚ xyˆÏ@¿Î˚!à!Ó˚ x!@¿ÈÙÈí˛zòàyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ çöƒ ≤Ûï˛ÛÛ– §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ !hflÏï˛ôy ~•z x!fliÓ˚ §üyˆÏçÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ xy¢y ܲÓ˚y xöƒyÎ˚– §Ω˛yÓöy SâV≠ ˛õ!ÿ˛ü# §üyˆÏçÓ˚ !ӈϢ£Ïc Ú!ÓŸªy§#Û S!Ó!°û˛yÓ˚V ~ÓÇ Ú•#ˆÏòöÛÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ˛õyÌ≈ܲƒ– ~ÓÇ ˛õ!ÿ˛ü ~•z •#ˆÏòˆÏöÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ §ï˛ƒ!Óã˛yÓ˚ÈÙÈ~ x«˛ü– ÚÚˆÎö ï˛y•yÓ˚y á,fiê˛yˆÏöÓ˚ {ŸªˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛m®# xyÓ˚ÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ˆòÓï˛yÓ˚ §,!‹Tñ §%ï˛Ó˚yÇ ï˛y•y!òàˆÏܲ !ö!®ï˛ ܲ!Ó˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õy!Ó˚ˆÏ° ˆÎö !öˆÏçÓ˚ {ŸªˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆàÔÓ˚Ó Ó,!k˛ ܲÓ˚y •Î˚ ... ~•z !ÓÓ˚&k˛ï˛yñ ~•z í˛z@ˇÃ ≤Ã!ï˛m!®µï˛y myÓ˚y ˛õy!o xöƒ ôˆÏü≈Ó˚ ˆ°yܲˆÏܲ §Ó≈òy ˛õ#í˛¸y !òÎ˚yˆÏåÈ– ï˛y•yÓ˚y xflfôyÓ˚# ˜§öƒòˆÏ°Ó˚ üˆÏï˛y xöƒˆÏܲ xyâyï˛ Ü˛!Ó˚Î˚y çÎ˚ ܲ!Ó˚ˆÏï˛ ã˛y!•Î˚yˆÏåÈ– ï˛y•z û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈ ˛õy!oˆÏòÓ˚ §¡øˆÏ¶˛ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ˆÎ ôyÓ˚îy ï˛y•y ~•z !ÓÓ˚&k˛ï˛yÓ˚ ôyÓ˚îy– ... ï˛y•yÓ˚y xyüy!òàˆÏܲ çÎ˚ ܲ!Ó˚ˆÏÓñ !ܲv ~ܲ ܲ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ öyÛÛ– í˛z@ˇÃ !ÓÓ˚&k˛ï˛yÓ˚ ~•z §yÇfl,Ò!ï˛Ü˛ xyӈϕ ~ÓÇ ˙!ï˛•y!§Ü˛ï˛yÎ˚ §üÓyÎ˚ ܲ“öy ¢_´– §Ω˛yÓöy SäV≠ ˛õ!ÿ˛ˆÏüÓ˚ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛ÈÙÈܲ“öyˆÏï˛Ä §!e´Î˚ ¢e&ÈÙÈ!üˆÏeÓ˚ ~•z !á fiê˛#Î˚ åÈܲ– xyô%!öܲ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛Ä ˆÎö e%´ˆÏ¢ˆÏí˛Ó˚ Î%k˛– ï˛y ˆÎö ~ܲ ˆ§Ü%˛ƒ°yÓ˚ e%´ˆÏ¢í˛– üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ Ó˚yˆÏ‹T…Ó˚ e%´ˆÏ¢í˛– ~ܲê˛y üï˛yòˆÏ¢≈Ó˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ xöƒ üï˛yòˆÏ¢≈Ó˚ e%´ˆÏ¢í˛– xyçÄ xyüÓ˚y ¢e´ÈÙÈ!üe ˆÜ˛!wܲ ~•z Ó˚yçö#!ï˛ÈÙÈܲ“öy •ˆÏï˛ ü%!_´ ˛õy•z!ö– xyçÄ ¢e&Ó˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ !•ÇflÀï˛y fl∫yû˛y!Óܲ ӈϰ•z ôÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏܲ– Ó˚yçö#!ï˛Ó˚ û)˛Óö üyˆÏö•z ˆÎö ~•z ¢e&ÈÙÈ!üˆÏeÓ˚ ≤ÃyÌ!üܲ !Óû˛yçö ~ÓÇ ï˛yÓ˚˛õÓ˚ ¢e&Ó˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ !•ÇflÀï˛y– xÌ≈yÍñ !•ÇflÀï˛yÓ˚ ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ê˛yÄ fl∫#Ü,˛ï˛ Ä ÎÌyÌ≈ ӈϰ•z ôˆÏÓ˚ ˆöÄÎ˚y •°–3 ày¶˛#ÈÙÈÓ˚Ó#wöyÌñ í˛zû˛Î˚•z Ó˚yçö#!ï˛Ó˚ ~•z ˆú ˛üÄÎ˚yÜ≈˛ê˛yˆÏܲ ≤ß¿ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°öó ≤ß¿ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö ¢e%´ÈÙÈ!üˆÏeÓ˚ §Ó˚° !Óû˛yçö ~ÓÇ !•ÇflÀï˛yÓ˚ fl∫ï˛É!§k˛ï˛yˆÏܲ– ~ÓÇ ˛õ!Ó˚ÓˆÏï≈˛ û˛yÓˆÏï˛ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö double conversionÈÙÈ~Ó˚ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛:
“the hateful person, by containing his egoistic hate and by learning to love the opponent as human, will confront the opponent with an enveloping technique, that will force, or rather permit, him to regain his latent capacity to trust and love. … the emphasis is not so much … on the power to be gained as on the cure of an unbearable inner condition”– Ó˚yçö#!ï˛Ó˚
~•z ÚöyÈÙÈ˛õ!ÿ˛ü#Û Ü˛“öyÎ˚ ~ܲ•z§yˆÏÌ ò%çˆÏöÓ˚•z ÓòˆÏ° ÎyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˆòƒyï˛öy– ~•z ܲ“öyÎ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ˆÏöÓ˚ ~ܲ xööƒ ˜mï˛ï˛y– ~ÓÇ ~•z ˜mï˛ï˛y•z ü%!_´ !òˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ ~ܲ x§•ö#Î˚ xÓfliy Óy ÓƒÓfliy ˆÌˆÏܲ S~!Ó˚ܲ ~!Ó˚ܲ§ö ~ˆÏܲ•z ӈϰˆÏåÈö≠ cure of an unbearable inner condition”V– §üÓyÎ˚ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛ ~•z ˜mï˛ï˛yÓ˚ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛– ˜mï˛ï˛yÓ˚ ~•z Ó˚yçö#!ï˛Ó˚ Ó˚§ò ˛õ!ÿ˛ˆÏüÓ˚ û˛yÓöyÈÙÈ˛õ!Ó˚§ˆÏÓ˚ !ÓÓ˚°– ˛
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The specific political distinction to which political actions and motives can be reduced is that between friend and enemy. The friend, enemy, and combat concepts receive their real meaning precisely because they refer to the real possibility of physical killing. A world in which the possibility of war is utterly eliminated, a completely pacified globe, would be a world without the distinction of friend and enemy and hence a world without politics.
3. Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ xÌ≈ÈÙÈö#!ï˛ÈÙÈû˛yÓöy≠ §üÓyÎ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ û˛yÓˆÏï˛ ˆàˆÏ° xˆÏöܲ=ˆÏ°y ≤ß¿ !öˆÏÎ˚•z û˛yÓˆÏï˛ •Î˚≠ §,!‹TÓ˚ ü)° ܲÌyê˛y ܲ#⁄ §û˛ƒï˛y ܲ#⁄ §üyç ܲ#⁄ üyö%£Ï ܲ#⁄ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ôü≈ ܲ#⁄ §üyç!öü≈yîê˛y•z !ܲ Óí˛¸ ܲÌy⁄ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛ öÎ˚≠§üyç!öü≈yî– ~•z §üyç!öü≈yˆÏî xydyÓ˚ xyàüö •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ !ܲû˛yˆÏÓ⁄ xydy!Óöy¢# Óy xydyº‹T •ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õí˛¸ˆÏ° Ó˚yçö#!ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ ĈÏë˛ ~ܲê˛y ã˛Ó˚ü xï˛ƒyã˛yÓ˚– !ï˛Óùï˛ ˆ§•z xï˛yã˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §y«˛#– xyÓyÓ˚ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛ˆÏï˛ ˆï˛y xydï˛yÓ˚Ä xû˛yÓ– Ó˚yçö#!ï˛Ó˚ û˛y£Ïy ܲy¤˛– ܲÜ≈˛¢– xydÈÙȧLjÏÓò# öÎ˚ ï˛y– !ܲû˛yˆÏÓ ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ˆÏöÓ˚ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛ §ÇˆÏÓò# •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zë˛ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚⁄ •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zë˛ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ x!•Ç§⁄ ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ û˛yˆÏÓ˚ ò#â≈ ~•z ˛õÌã˛°yê˛y ~•z ˆ°áyÓ˚ í˛z˛õ°«˛ƒ üye– °«˛ƒ öÎ˚– ˆ°áyê˛yÓ˚ °«˛ƒ §#üy!Î˚ï˛ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ §üÓyÎ˚ÈÙÈû˛yÓöyÎ˚– ~ÓÇ ˆ§•z §üÓyÎ˚ÈÙÈû˛yÓöyÎ˚ ˆ˛õÑÔåȈÏï˛ ˆàˆÏ° Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ •Î˚ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ xÌ≈ö#!ï˛ÈÙÈû˛yÓöy–
û˛yˆÏ°yÓ˚ ܲÌyê˛y ~•z í˛zߨÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ˆö•z– ÷ô% ÌyܲyÓ˚ ܲÌyê˛y•z xyˆÏåÈ– ~ˆÏòÓ˚ ˆ§•z Ìyܲyê˛y ~ï˛ û˛Î˚ÇܲÓ˚ ˆÓˆÏí˛¸ ˆàˆÏåÈ ˆÎ °yˆÏáyÈÙÈ°yˆÏáy üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ ã˛y˛õ öy !òˆÏ° ~ˆÏòÓ˚ û˛yÓ˚ §yü°yˆÏÓ ˆÜ˛⁄ çy° ï˛y•z ˆÓˆÏí˛¸•z ã˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ– ĈÏòÓ˚ ˆÎ ÌyܲˆÏï˛•z •ˆÏÓ– ÌyܲÓyÓ˚ çöƒ üyÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ~•z ܲÌy ÎyÓ˚y ӈϰ ï˛yÓ˚y•z ÌyˆÏܲ– ˆï˛yüÓ˚y Ó° ~ˆÏï˛ üö%£ÏˆÏcƒÓ˚ e&!ê˛ •Î˚ñ Ó˚yˆÏàÓ˚ üyÌyÎ˚ û%˛ˆÏ° ÎyÄ ~•zˆÏê˛•z üö%£Ïƒc– ÓyâˆÏܲ ˆáˆÏÎ˚ Óyâ ÓˆÏí˛¸y •Î˚ öyñ ˆÜ˛Ó° üyö%£Ï•z üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ ˆáˆÏÎ˚ ú%˛ˆÏ° ĈÏ벖
Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ xÈÙȈÏöܲ û˛yÓöyÓ˚ üˆÏôƒñ û˛yÓöyÓ˚ xˆÏöܲyhsˇï˛yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ~ܲê˛y û˛yÓöy ÚÓ˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ xÌ≈ö#!ï˛û˛yÓöyÛ– ˆ°áyÓ˚ ~•z xÇ¢ê˛y Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ xÌ≈ö#!ï˛û˛yÓöy !öˆÏÎ˚•z– ~ܲ•z §ˆÏD ˆ°áyÓ˚ ~•z xÇ¢ê˛y û˛yÓöyÓ˚ xÌ≈ö#!ï˛ !öˆÏÎ˚Ä– Úû˛yÓöyÓ˚ xÌ≈ö#!ï˛Û≠ ܲyÓ˚î ~•z ˆ°áy û˛yÓöyÓ˚ xÌ≈ñ û˛yÓöyÓ˚ ö#!ï˛ !öˆÏÎ˚Ä– Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ xÌ≈ö#!ï˛û˛yÓöyÓ˚ !ӈϢ£Ïc ܲ#⁄ ≤ÃÌüï˛ñ Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ û˛yÓˆÏåÈö ~ܲ!ê˛ xy˛õyï˛ ˛õ,Ìܲ ˛õ!Ó˚§ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xÌ≈ö#!ï˛ !öˆÏÎ˚– Îy ˛õ!ÿ˛ü öÎ˚ó Îy ˛õ!ÿ˛ˆÏüÓ˚ üï˛ öÎ˚– Îy ˆ§•z §üÎ˚ Å˛õ!öˆÏÓ!¢Ü˛ x!û˛K˛ï˛yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚ ÎyˆÏFåÈ– Îy §¡õ)î≈ï˛ ˛õ%Ñ!çÓyò# öÎ˚ SÎ!òÄ ˆÜ˛yöÄ xÌ≈ö#!ï˛•z §¡õ)î≈ï˛ ˛õ%Ñ!çÓyò# öÎ˚ó ~üö!ܲ xyˆÏü!Ó˚ܲyÄ öÎ˚V– ÎyÓ˚ §üyç Ä üyö%£Ï ˛õ!ÿ˛ˆÏüÓ˚ üï˛ öÎ˚– ˆÎ üyö%£Ï=!°Ó˚ §û˛ƒï˛y Ä §_y ˛õ!ÿ˛ˆÏüÓ˚ üï˛ öÎ˚– ò!«˛î ˆày°yˆÏô≈Ó˚ Ä•z !ӈϢ£Ï ˛õ!Ó˚§Ó˚!ê˛Ó˚ xÌ≈ö#!ï˛ !öˆÏÎ˚ û˛yÓˆÏåÈö Ó˚Ó#wöyÌñ û˛yÓˆÏåÈö ˆ§•z xÌ≈ö#!ï˛Ó˚ ˛õÓ≈yhsˇÓ˚ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ Sê˛∆yö!ç¢öV ≤ß¿!ê˛– ~ÓÇ ~•z û˛yÓöyÓ˚ ≤çˆÏD•z ã˛ˆÏ° xy§ˆÏåÈ §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ܲÌy–3 û˛yÓˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ ã˛ˆÏ° xy§ˆÏåÈö üyˆÏ:≈Ó˚ ܲyåÈyܲy!åÈ≠ ÚÚý×ÑËõþ¿æËî û±Ëß õËù ÛßÄÂüÄ›-ý×ËéÂúò, ÕïÇ±È Îú±ø¸íòÏ¿îÂ, õîÇÂ÷±ò üöÂÉî±õþ òÏ¿îÂý× î±ý×¼ òÓÉò±Ñ¿úß õÔýð±Ñ¿úßÂËß Îú±ø¸í ßÂËõþ õëÂÿ ýËî ä±ûþ• î±Ëî •ÅÂ^-¿õ¿úË©†õþ ¦£ÂÏ¿î âËéÂ, õÔýÈ ü±ñ±õþËíõþ ÎÂó±ø¸í âËé ò±¼ ... Ûàòß±õþ ü÷™¦¸ üöÂÉî±ý× ñËòõþ Âóõþ±¿úî¼ î±ý× qñÅ ñËòõþ ÕæÇò òûþ, ñËòõþ ÂóÓæ± Ã›¶õù ýËûþ ëÂ×ËêÂËå¼ ÕÂóËðõî±õþ ÂóÓæ±ûþ ÷±òÅËø¸õþ qöÂõÅ¿XÂËß ò©† ßÂËõþ, Õ±æ ÂóÔ¿ïõÏ æÅËëÂÿ î±õþ Û¶÷±í Îðà± û±ËBå¼ ÷±òÅø¸ ÷±òÅËø¸õþ Ûî õËëÂÿ± Û¶õù úSn Õ±õþ Îß±Ëò±¿ðò ¿åù ò±, ß±õþí ñòËù±ËöÂõþ ÷î Û÷ò ¿ò‡ÅÂõþ ÛõÑ ÕòɱûþÂóõþ±ûþí Û¶õÔ¿M Õ±õþ Îòý×¼ Õ±ñÅ¿òß üöÂÉî±õþ ÕüÑàÉ-õ±Uä±ùò±ûþ Ûý× Îù±öÂý× üõÇS ëÂ×iœ¿ïî ÛõÑ Ûý× Îù±öÂÂó¿õþîÔ¿lõþ Õ±Ëûþ±æò Õ±õþ ÕòÉ-üßÂù ëÂ×ËðɱËáõþ ÎäÂËûþ Âó¿õþ÷±Ëí ÎõËëÂÿ äÂËùËåÛÛ–
öy!ܲ Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ ÷ô% xÌ≈ö#!ï˛ !öˆÏÎ˚ !ã˛!hsˇï˛ öö– Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ !ã˛!hsˇï˛ üyö%£Ï !öˆÏÎ˚– üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ §üyç !öˆÏÎ˚– xÌ≈ö#!ï˛ ˆ§•z û˛yÓöyÓ˚ ~ܲê˛y «%˛o xÇ¢üye– «%˛ˆÏoÓ˚ üyï˛yüy!ï˛ñ «%˛oˆÏܲ !öˆÏÎ˚ üyï˛yüy!ï˛ñ ˆï˛y xyô%!öܲ !ÓŸª!Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ !ӈϢ£Ïc– !ӈϟªÓ˚ !Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ !ӈϢ£Ïc öÎ˚ ï˛y– xÌ≈ö#!ï˛ÈÙÈˆÜ˛!wܲï˛y ˆï˛y •zí˛z!öû˛y!§≈!ê˛ !í˛!§!≤’ˆÏöÓ˚ !ӈϢ£Ïc– çàͧǧyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !ӈϢ£Ïc öÎ˚ ï˛y– çàͧǧyÓ˚ ~ܲ•z§ˆÏD xÌ≈ñ ö#!ï˛ñ Ä xÌ≈ö#!ï˛Ó˚ ~ܲ !Ó!ã˛e ˆá°yâÓ˚–
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ˆ°yˆÏû˛Ó˚ ~•z í˛zͧˆÏÓ §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ xyˆÏÎ˚yçö •ˆÏÓ !ܲû˛yˆÏÓ⁄ ï˛y•z ˆï˛y Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ ô#ˆÏÓ˚ ô#ˆÏÓ˚ §ˆÏÓ˚ ~ˆÏ°ö ¢y!hsˇ!öˆÏÜ˛ï˛ˆÏöÓ˚ ~!°!ê˛çü •ˆÏï˛ ◊#!öˆÏÜ˛ï˛ˆÏöÓ˚ !ö¡¨Óà≈ï˛yÎ˚ó ï˛y•z ˆï˛y Ó˚y!¢Î˚yÓ˚ !ã˛!ë˛ˆÏï˛ ˆ§y!û˛ˆÏÎ˚ï˛ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ !öü≈yîΈÏK˛Ó˚ fl∫#Ü,˛!ï˛ó ï˛y•z ˆï˛y Ó˚_´Ü˛Ó˚Ó#ˆÏï˛ Î«˛˛õ%Ó˚#Ó˚ §üyˆÏ°yã˛öy– Ó˚_´Ü˛Ó˚Ó# öyê˛ˆÏܲ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ Ϋ˛˛õ%Ó˚#•z ˆï˛y xyçˆÏܲÓ˚ ~§ÈÙÈ•zÈÙȈçí˛ ÈÙÙÙÈ ˆ§•z xˆÏÌ≈ Ó˚_´Ü˛Ó˚Ó# öyê˛Ü˛!ê˛•z ˆÎö ~§ÈÙÈ•zÈÙȈçí˛ÙÈ~Ó˚ x®ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ç#Óö !öˆÏÎ˚ ÈÙÙÙÈ ~§ÈÙÈ•zÈÙȈçí˛ÙÈ~Ó˚ x®ˆÏÓ˚ ◊ü ï˛Ìy ◊!üˆÏܲÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ ˆöˆÏü xy§y ˆ¢y£ÏîÈÙÈ¢y§ö !öˆÏÎ˚– ˆ§•z xˆÏÌ≈ Ó˚_´Ü˛Ó˚Ó# öyê˛Ü˛!ê˛ ~§ÈÙÈ•zÈÙȈçí˛ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ܲ“öyÓ˚ ~ܲ ï˛#Ó §üyˆÏ°yã˛öy ÈÙÙÙÈ §üyˆÏ°yã˛öy üy!ê˛Ó˚ ö#ã˛ •ˆÏï˛ ï˛y° ï˛y° ˆ§yöy ï%˛ˆÏ° xyöyÓ˚ó §üyˆÏ°yã˛öy üyö%£Ï=!°ˆÏܲ ö¡∫ˆÏÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚îï˛ Ü˛Ó˚yÓ˚ó §üyˆÏ°yã˛öy ◊!üˆÏܲÓ˚ ˆ¢y£ÏˆÏîÓ˚ó §üyˆÏ°yã˛öy û)˛§¡õˆÏòÓ˚ !Ó_•Ó˚ˆÏîÓ˚ó §üyˆÏ°yã˛öy !≤Ã!ü!ê˛û˛ xƒyÜ%˛ü%ˆÏ°¢ˆÏöÓ˚– xyÓyÓ˚ ~ܲ•z §yˆÏÌ ï˛yˆÏ§Ó˚ ˆòˆÏ¢ ˆ§y!û˛ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ !öÎ˚üï˛y!sfܲï˛yÓ˚ ï˛Ìy Ó˚y‹T…!öô≈y!Ó˚ï˛ §üyç ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛y°öyÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ !Óo*˛õ ï˛Ìy ˆŸ’£Ïó ܲyÓ˚î üöÈÙÈüöˆÏöÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ ~•z òá°òy!Ó˚ Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ ˆüˆÏö !öˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ö !öó ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ö !ö ܲyÓ˚î Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛ ï˛Ìy Ó˚yç˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛ï˛yÓ˚ ~ܲ àû˛#Ó˚ Ä ˛õ!Ó˚ÓƒyÆ ˆÓyô myÓ˚y ã˛y!°ï˛ !åȈϰö ÈÙÙÙÈ ˆÎ ˆÓyˆÏôÓ˚ ç!ê˛°ï˛y Ó˚Ó#wöÿÏܲ âˆÏÓÈ˚ ÙÈÓy•zˆÓ˚ Ä Ï ã˛yÓ˚ xôƒyˆÏÎÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÌ !öˆÏÎ˚ !àˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– ~üö!ܲ Ó˚_´Ü˛Ó˚Ó#ˆÏï˛Ä Ó˚OöÈÙÈö!®ö#ÈÙÈ!Ó÷˛õyà°yÓ˚ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛Ó˚ í˛z˛õfliy˛õöy ˆÎ ˚ ˆÓyôÈÙȧOyï˛– ˆÎ ˆÓyô e´ü¢ ã˛y!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ Ú˜ö!ï˛Ü˛ ˆÜ˛Ôü§üyˆÏçÓ˚Û S~!Ìܲy° ܲ!üí˛z!ö!ê˛V ôyÓ˚îyÎ˚– ã˛y!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈ Ú˜ö!ï˛Ü˛ ˆÜ˛Ôü!Ó£ÏÎ˚#Ó˚Û S~!Ìܲy° ܲ!üí˛z!öê˛y!Ó˚Î˚yö §yÓˆÏçQV ôyÓ˚îyÎ˚– ã˛y!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈ §üÓyÎ˚Èö#!ï˛Ó˚ SˆÜ˛yÈÙÈx˛õyˆÏÓ˚!ê˛û˛ !≤Ã!™˛õy°V û˛yÓöyÎ˚– Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛û˛yÓöy ï˛#Ó û˛yˆÏÓ !Ó£ÏÎ˚#ü%áÓ˚ ÈÙÙÙÈ !Ó£ÏÎ˚#Ó˚ Ó˚yçÈÙȘö!ï˛Ü˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ Äë˛yÓ˚ §yˆÏÌ ï˛y §¡õ!Ü≈˛ï˛– Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛û˛yÓöy Ó˚y‹T…ˆÏܲ!wܲ öÎ˚– ï˛y !öÎ˚üÈÙÈö#!ï˛ !òˆÏÎ˚ ã˛y!°ï˛ öÎ˚– ˆ§•z xˆÏÌ≈ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛û˛yÓöy ò!«˛î˛õsi# !ÓŸªÓ#«˛y myÓ˚y ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛y!°ï˛ öÎ˚– Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛û˛yÓöy Óyü˛õsi#– çƒÑ °%ܲ öƒ™# !ò •zöx˛õyˆÏÓ!˚ ê˛û˛ ܲ!üí˛z!ö!ê˛ öyüܲ @ˇÃˆÏsi ò!«˛î˛õsi# !ÓŸªÓ#«˛y ~ÓÇ Óyü˛õsi# !ÓŸªÓ#«˛yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ~ܲ!ê˛ ˛õyÌ≈ܲƒˆÏܲ §yüˆÏö !öˆÏÎ˚ ~ˆÏ§ˆÏåÈö– öƒ™#Ó˚ üˆÏï˛ ˆÎ !ÓŸªÓ#«˛yñ ˆÎ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛ñ ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ˆÏöÓ˚ ˆÎ ï˛yí˛¸öy ¢,C°yÈÙÈfl∫yû˛y!Óܲï˛yÈ Ä Ó˚yˆÏ‹T…Ó˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ !öû≈˛Ó˚ï˛yÓ˚ ˆÓyô myÓ˚y ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛y!°ï˛ñ ï˛y ò!«˛î˛õsi#– ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ˆÏöÓ˚ ˆÎ åÈܲ ˛õ)Ó≈!öô≈y!Ó˚ï˛ ˆÜ˛yöÄ •z!ï˛•y§ ˆÓyô myÓ˚y ã˛y!°ï˛ñ ï˛y ò!«˛î˛õsi#– ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ˆÏöÓ˚ ˆÎ åÈܲ ˙!ï˛•y!§Ü˛ Ó›ÓyˆÏòÓ˚ Ü˛í˛¸y !öÎ˚üñ xöí˛¸ ¢,C°y Ä ≤Ãyܲ¢ï≈˛ myÓ˚y ã˛y!°ï˛ ï˛y öƒ™#Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ò!«˛î˛õsi#– xyÓ˚ ˆÎ !ÓŸªÓ#«˛y !Ó£ÏÎ˚#Ó˚ ç!ê˛° Ä x!öÎ˚ï˛ !öü≈yˆÏîÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ ˆ≤Ãy!Ìï˛ñ ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ˆÏöÓ˚ ˆÎ ˆÓyôñ Ó˚yçÈÙȘö!ï˛Ü˛ï˛yÓ˚ ˆÎ ï˛yí˛¸öy §_yÓ˚ §!ߨ!ôÓ˚ !ÓÈÙÈܲ“öyÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ ˆ≤Ãy!Ìï˛ ï˛y Óyü˛õsi#– ò!«˛î˛õsi# ~ÓÇ Óyü˛õsi# Ó˚yçö#!ï˛Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚!ã˛ï˛ !Óû˛yçö!ê˛ˆÏܲ•z ˆÎö ˆû˛ˆÏä !òˆÏ°ö öƒ™#– ÷ô% û˛yäˆÏ°ö•z öy– ~ï˛Ü˛y° xyüÓ˚y ˆÎû˛yˆÏÓ ò!«˛î˛õsi# ~ÓÇ Óyü˛õsi# ˛õ!Ó˚§Ó˚=ˆÏ°yˆÏܲ Ó%ˆÏé˛!åÈ ÈÙÙÙÈ ˆÎ ˆÓyé˛yÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚§ˆÏÓ˚ !ÓˆÏç!˛õ ò!«˛î˛õsi# ~ÓÇ Ü˛ü%ƒ!öfiê˛ ˛õy!ê≈˛ Óyü˛õsi# ÈÙÙÙÈ öƒ™# ˆÎö ˆ§•z ˆÓyé˛yê˛yˆÏܲ•z !òˆÏ°ö ˆû˛ˆÏä– öƒ™#Ó˚ ~•z !Óû˛yçöˆÏܲ üyÌyÎ˚ Ó˚yáˆÏ° ~ܲ!ê˛ Ü˛ü%ƒ!öfiê˛ ˛õy!ê≈˛Ä ò!«˛î˛õsi# •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zë˛ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– ~ÓÇ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ üï˛ ~ܲçö Óƒy!_´üyö%£ÏÄ Óyü˛õsi# •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ö– öƒ™#Ó˚ û˛yÓöyÓ˚ xö%£ÏˆÏD ò!«˛î˛õsi# ïÑ˛yÓ˚y•z ÎÑyÓ˚y ӈϰö ÈÙÙÙÈ ã˛ˆÏ°y !öÎ˚üÈÙÈüˆÏï˛– ò)ˆÏÓ˚ ï˛y!ܲˆÏÎ˚y öyˆÏܲyñ âyí˛¸ ÓÑy!ܲˆÏÎ˚y öyˆÏܲyñ ã˛ˆÏ°y §üyö ˛õˆÏÌ–
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Úü%_´üöÛ ≤Ãܲy¢öy ÈÙÙÙÈ 2006≠ 8ÈÙÈ 12V xyÓ˚ ~•z û˛Ó˚y ç#ÏÓˆÏöÓ˚ §Ω˛yÓöy Ó˚Ó#wöyÏÌ ˆòáˆÏï˛ ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö ڧܲˆÏ° !üˆÏ° û˛yà ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆöÄÎ˚yÓ˚ xyòˆÏ¢≈Û ÈÙÙÙÈ ˆòáˆÏï˛ ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö Ú§üÓyÎ˚ÈÙÈܲ“öyÛÎ˚ S1918ñ 1923ñ 1925ñ 1927ñ 1929ñ 1934V– Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ çöƒ §üÓyÎ˚ÈÙÈܲ“öy ˆ§•z ˛õ!Ó˚§ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆáÑyç ˆÎáyˆÏö Úç#Óö §•ç §Ó˚°Ûñ ˆÎáyˆÏö ÚÓƒy!_´àï˛ ˆû˛yà ã˛!Ó˚ï˛yˆÏÌ≈Ó˚ §#üy!ö!ò≈‹T üyey xyˆÏåÈ ... Ú§¡õò Ó›ê˛y ˆÎáyˆÏö ˆÎÔÌÛ ... ~ÓÇ í˛zm,_ §¡õòˆÏܲ ˆÎáyˆÏö §yüy!çܲ òy!Î˚c˛õy°ˆÏöÓ˚ ܲyˆÏç °yàyˆÏöy ÎyÎ˚– xyÓ˚ ˛õ%Ñ!çÓyˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyë˛yˆÏüyÓ˚ !ÓˆÏÓ˚y!ôï˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ xyÓyÓ˚Ä ˆ˛õÑÔˆÏåÈ Îyö üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ≤Èϟ¿ñ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ôˆÏü≈Ó˚ ≤Èϟ¿ñ üyö%£Ï öyüܲ !Ó£ÏÎ˚#†§_yÓ˚ ≤Èϟ¿–
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Leader ...) necessarily loses the in of being-in-common. Or, it loses the with or the together that defines
ÕòÉ¿ðËß õþõÏfò±Ëïõþ ü÷õ±ûþߊò± Û¶¿îÂýî ßÂõþËî ä±ûþ Ûý× hypostasis of the common¼ Û¶¿îÂýî ßÂõþËî ä±ûþ ü÷õ±Ëûþõþ Îß±òÝ ñõþËíõþ ¦š¿õõþî±¼ õþõÏfò±Ëïõþ ö±õ¿õË•« ëÂ×i§ûþò Îî± Ûý× ü÷õ±ûþÏ üM±õþý× üg±ò¼ üg±ò Îüý× being-in-common-Ûõþ ... û±õþ ÎàÒ±æ üýæ-ü±ñÉ òûþ¼ û±õþ Õõûþõ¿é ձËá ÎïËßÂý× ¿¦šõþ ¿ò¿}Âî ýËûþ Îòý×¼ õþõÏfö±õò±õþ æ¿éÂù Âó¿õþüËõþ ëÂ×iûþò Îî± Ûý× ü÷õ±ûþ-òÏ¿îÂõþý× üg±ò¼ Îüý× ÕËïÇ ëÂ×iûþò Ûß ü÷õ±ûþÏ òÏ¿îÂõþ üg±ò¼ Îüý× ÕËïÇ• ëÂ×iûþò îÂï± § § § ü÷õ±ûþ ߊò± Ûß¿é õþ±æÍò¿îÂߠ۶ߊ¼ Îû ۶ߊËß ü¿S•ûþ õþ±àËî ýûþ ¿õø¸ûÏþ õþ ™¦Ëõþ – ü¿S•ûþ õþ±àËî ýûþ ¸ ¿õø¸ûÏþ õþ ü±Ëï ü±Ëï ¿õø¸ûÏþ õþ ü¥óËßÇÂõþ Õ™LÃõîÂÇ Ïî±ûþ – ü¿S•ûþ õþ±àËî ýûþ ü¥óËßÇÂõþ üÑËû±á¦šËù¼ ü¿S•ûþ õþ±àËîÂ Ç ýûþ ‘÷ÅËà±÷Å¿à õ¿üõ±õþ’ üõß¿é ÷ÅýËîǼ ßÂàòý× î±Ëß Ûß ý׿îÂý±ü-ëÂ×M¿õþî ý׿îÂý±üߊò±õþ ÕñÏò ßÂõþËù äÂËù ò±¼ Ó ßÂàòý× î±Ëß ÷ɱËòæË÷KéÂ-Ûõþ úÔºù± Õïõ± úÔºù±õþ ÷ɱËòæË÷KéÂ-Ûõþ ÕñÏò ßÂõþËù äÂËù ò±¼ î± ßÂõþËù Õ±÷õþ± û± Âó±ý× î±õþ ò±÷ – totalitarianism; we get totalitarianism; we condemn [in the process] the political to management and to power (and to the management of power, and, to the power of management)¼ òÉkÏ Îð¿àËûþËåò –
it.
õþ±©†˜¿òöÇÂõþ Ûß úÔºù± Ý ¦¤±ö±¿õßÂî±õþ õûþ±ò ¿ßÂö±Ëõ Õ±õ±õþÝ õþ±æòÏ¿îÂõþ ¦šù±¿ö¿ø¸M• ýËûþËå¼ ü÷õ±ûþ-ö±õò±õþ ΕÂËSÝ Ûý× üy±õò± õþËûþËå – üy±õò± õþËûþËå ü÷õ±ûþËß ÎßÂÌ÷-Û àõÇÏßÔÂî ßÂõþ±õþ – Û÷ò Ûß ÎßÂÌ÷ û±õþ üM±õþ üîÂÉ õ± û±õþ üîÂÉ üM± ÂóÓõÇ¿òñDZ¿õþî¼ ÛõÑ ü÷õ±Ëûþõþ ÂóËï ÂóïäÂù± Îûò Îüý× üîÂÉ-üM±-Îî ÎÂóÒÌåòõþ ÛßÂé± Û¶±ï¿÷ß ñ±Âó¼ õþõÏfò±ï ö±õËî ä±ý×Ëåò Û÷ò ÛßÂé± ü÷õ±ûþ, ö±õËî ä±ý×Ëåò Û÷ò ÛßÂé± õþ±æòÏ¿îÂ, Û÷ò ÛßÂé± ü÷õ±Ëûþõþ õþ±æòÏ¿î Îûé± Ûý× üîÂÉ üM±ûþ ÎÂóÒÌåËò±õþ ëÂ×ËZá Z±õþ± 䱿ùî òûþ – that does not stem from the will to realize an essence ... that “continues to keep open,
this strange being-the-one-with-the-other to which we are exposed”¼ ß±õþí õþõÏfò±ï ÷Ëò ßÂËõþò åÒ±ËäÂ-ì±ù±
÷òÅø¸ÉQ ßÂàËò± ÎéÂËß ò±¼ õþ±¿úûþ± ¿òËûþ õþõÏfò±Ëïõþ õM•îÂÉ Îàûþ±ù ßÂõþ±õþ ÷î –
Ûõþ ÷ËñÉ Îû áùð ¿ßÂåÅ Îòý× î± õ¿ù Îò• &•îÂõþ áùð Õ±Ëå¼ ÎüæòÉ Ûß¿ðò ÛËðõþ ¿õÂóð âéÂËõ¼ üÑË•ÂËÂó Îü áùð ýËBå, ¿ú•Â±¿õ¿ñ ¿ðËûþ Ûõþ± åÒ±ä õ±¿òËûþËå – ¿ßÂc åÒ±Ëä ì±ù± ÷òÅø¸ÉQ ßÂàËò± ÎéÂËß ò± – üæÏõ ÷Ëòõþ îÂËMWõþ üË/ ¿õðɱõþ îÂMW û¿ð ò± Î÷Ëù î± ýËù ýûþ Ûß¿ðò åÒ±ä ýËõ ÎôÂËé äÅÂõþ÷±õþ, òûþ ÷±òÅËø¸õþ ÷ò û±Ëõ ÷Ëõþ Õ±ëÂÿ©† ýËûþ, ¿ßÂ¥¤± ßÂËùõþ ÂóÅîÅÂù ýËûþ ðÒ±ëÂÿ±Ëõ¼
ÂõþõÏfò±Ëïõþ ß±Ëå ü÷õ±ûþîÂMW ÛßÂé± Õ±ý׿ëÂûþ±, ÛßÂé± Õ±ä±õþ òûþ• ÛõÑ Ûý×æòÉ õU ßÂ÷Çñ±õþ Ûõþ ÎïËß üÔ¿©† ýËî Âó±Ëõþ¼ ÷Ëòõþ üË/ ÂóËð ÂóËð Ûõþ Î÷±ß±¿õù±¼ õþõÏfò±Ëïõþ ü÷õ±ûþîÂMW Ûý× ßÂï±ý× õËù Îû üîÂÉËß ÎÂóËùý× ÷±òÅËø¸õþ ÆðòÉ Îâ±ËäÂ, Îß±Ëò± ÛßÂé± õ±ýÉ ßÂË÷Çõþ Û¶¿S•ûþ±ûþ ï˛y Îâ±Ëä ò±¼ ü÷±õËûþõþ ßÂ÷Çü±ñò±õþ ÷ËñÉ ¿ðËûþý× Îûòõ± ÷±òÅø¸ õÅçÂËî Âó±Ëõþ Îû ÕËòÉõþ üË/ ¿õËBåËðý× î±õþ õgÂò, üýËû±Ëáý× î±õþ ÷Å¿M•¼ ÕËòËßÂý× õùËõò, Ûüõ úM• ßÂï±¼ ßÂï±é± úM• Æõ¿ß¼ ü÷õ±Ëûþõþ Õ±ý׿ëÂûþ±é±Ëß õÔýÈö±Ëõ ß±Ëæ à±é±Ëò± ÕËòß Î䩆±ûþ, ÕËòß Âóõþϕ±ûþ, ÕËòß õÉïÇî±õþ ¿öÂîÂõþ ¿ðËûþ ¿áËûþ îÂËõ ÕËòß ¿ðËò û¿ð üyÂõ ýûþ¼ ðÓùÇö ¿æ¿òËüõþ üÅàü±ñÉ ÂóïËßÂý× õËù ôÒ±¿ßÂõþ Âóï¼ ... Õ±üËù ü÷õ±ûþ û±Ëß ëÂ×ÈËõþ ÎûËî ä±ûþ Îüý× ‘ÆðòÉ’ ¿æ¿òüé± ÛßÂé± æ¿éÂù ¿÷| ¿æ¿òü¼ ÕïÇÍò¿îÂß ÕËïÇÝ î± æ¿éÂù¼ æ¿éÂù ÕïÇ-Æò¿îÂß ÕËïǼ ÷•ò—ò-÷±ò¿üßÂî±õþ ÕËïÇÝ î± æ¿éÂù¼ ÷±òÅËø¸õþ ü÷™¦¸ æÏõòû±S±Ëß Ûß ßÂËõþ ñËõþ îÂËõ ¿öÂîÂËõþ õ±¿ýËõþ Ûõþ Û¶¿îÂß±õþ ßÂõþ± ÎûËî Âó±Ëõþ¼ ÕËòËßÂý× õùËõò, õþõÏfò±Ëïõþ ü÷õ±ûþÕïõ± ÷±ˆÏ:≈Âõþ ß¿÷ëÂ׿òˆÂ ßv±ü Û¶Ëüü ÛàòÝ Õõ¿ñ üÏ¿÷î ¿ßÂåÅ Âó¿õþüËõþý× üyÂõ ýËûþËå¼ ¿ßÂc Õ±ûþîÂò Âó¿õþ÷±Âó ßÂËõþ û±õþ± üËîÂÉõþ û±ï±ïÇÉ ¿õä±õþ ßÂËõþ î±õþ± üîÂÉËß õ±¿ýÉß ö±Ëõ æËëÂÿõþ ú±¿÷ù ßÂËõþ ÎðËà• î±õþ± æ±Ëò ò± Îû, Õ¿î Îå±Ëé± õÏËæõþ ÷ËñÉÝ Îû Û¶±íéÅÂßÅ ï±Ëß ü÷™¦¸ ÂóÔ¿ïõÏËß տñß±õþ ßÂõþõ±õþ ÂóËõþ±ûþ±ò± Îü ¿òËûþ Õ±Ëü¼
4. Ú˙ܲ!eܲ Ü,˛!£ÏˆÏ«˛eÛ≠ §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ≤Ãy!ï˛¤˛y!öܲ xyܲyÓ˚
Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ Ó˚y!¢Î˚yÓ˚ !ã˛!ë˛ˆÏï˛ ò%•z ôÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ ˆ◊ö# ≤Ã!e´Î˚yÓ˚ ܲÌy ӈϰˆÏåÈö– ~ܲ!˛ê˛ ≤Ã!e´Î˚y ܲ!üí˛z!öfiê˛ ˆ◊ö# ≤Ã!e´Î˚yñ xöƒ!ê˛ ööÈÙÈ~:≤’Î˚ˆÏê˛!ê˛û˛ ܲ!üí˛z!ö!ê˛Ü˛ – xÓ¢ƒ•z ܲ!üí˛z!öfiê Óy ܲ!üí˛z!ö!ê˛Ü˛ ~•zÙû˛y£ÏyÎ˚ ӈϰö!ö–Ù !ܲv ˆÎö ≤ÃyÎ˚ ~ܲ•z û˛yÓöyÓ˚ xö%Ó˚öö ˆÓ˚ˆÏá ˆàˆÏåÈö– Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ §üÓyÎ˚ ܲ“öy ï˛y•z ~•z ò%!ê˛ ˆ◊!î ≤Ã!e´Î˚yˆÏܲ Sܲ!üí˛z!öfiê˛ ~ÓÇ Ü˛!üí˛z!ö!ê˛Ü˛V xÓ°¡∫ö ܲˆÏÓ˚•z xyܲyÓ˚ ˆÏ˛õˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– ܲ!üí˛z!öfiê˛ ˆ◊!î ≤Ã!e´Î˚y xÓ¢ƒ•z ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ܲy!Cï˛ §üÓyÎ˚ܲ“öy– !ܲv ˆÎáyˆÏö üyö%£Ï §¡õ!_Ó˚ ˆüy• åÈyí˛¸ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏåÈ öyñ ˆ§áyˆÏö !ï˛!ö ܲ!üí˛z!ö!ê˛Ü˛ ˆ◊!î ≤Ã!e´Î˚yÓ˚ !òˆÏܲ ˛õÌ •Ñyê˛ˆÏï˛ Ó°ˆÏåÈö– xÌ≈yÍñ §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ Î!ò ˆÜ˛yöÄ ≤Ãy!ï˛¤˛y!öܲ xyܲyÓ˚ Óy xyÜ,˛!ï˛ xyüÓ˚y û˛yÓˆÏï˛ ã˛y•zñ ï˛y•ˆÏ° xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ û˛yÓˆÏï˛ •Î˚ ܲ!üí˛z!öfiê˛ ˆ◊!î ≤Ã!e´Î˚y ~ÓÇ
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x§¡ø!ï˛Ó˚ ܲyÓ˚î üyöÓã˛!Ó˚ˆÏeÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ– !öˆÏçÓ˚ §¡õ!_Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ !öˆÏçÓ˚ üüï˛yñ Äê˛y ï˛ˆÏÜ≈˛Ó˚ !Ó£ÏÎ˚ öÎ˚ó Äê˛y xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ §ÇflÒyÓ˚àï˛– !öˆÏçˆÏܲ xyüÓ˚y ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ã˛y•zñ §¡õ!_ ˆ§•z ≤ÃܲyˆÏ¢Ó˚ ~ܲê˛y í˛z˛õyÎ˚– ï˛yÓ˚ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ÓˆÏí˛¸y í˛z˛õyÎ˚ ÎyˆÏòÓ˚ •yˆÏï˛ xyˆÏåÈ ï˛yÓ˚y ü•Íñ ï˛yÓ˚y §¡õ!_ˆÏܲ @ˇÃy•ƒ ܲˆÏÓ˚ öy– §ühflÏ á%•zˆÏÎ˚ !òˆÏï˛ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ Óyôy ˆö•z– !ܲv §yôyÓ˚î üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ˛õˆÏ«˛ xy˛õö §¡õ!_ ï˛yÓ˚ xy˛õö Óƒ!_´fl∫Ó˚*ˆÏ˛õÓ˚ ÈÙÙÙÈ ˆ§ê˛y •yÓ˚yˆÏ° ˆ§ ˆÎö ˆÓyÓy •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚– §¡õ!_ Î!ò xy˛õö ç#!ÓܲyÓ˚ çöƒ •ï˛ñ xyd≤ÃܲyˆÏ¢Ó˚ çöƒ öy •ï˛ñ ï˛y •ˆÏ° Î%!_´Ó˚ myÓ˚y ˆÓyé˛yˆÏöy §•ç •ï˛ ˆÎñ Äê˛y ï˛ƒyˆÏàÓ˚ myÓ˚y•z ç#!ÓܲyÓ˚ í˛zߨ!ï˛ •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– xyd≤ÃܲyˆÏ¢Ó˚ í˛zFã˛ï˛ö í˛z˛õyÎ˚ñ ˆÎüö Ó%!k˛ñ ˆÎüö =î˛õöyñ ˆÜ˛í˛z ܲyˆÏÓ˚y ܲyåÈ ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆçyí˛¸ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆÜ˛ˆÏí˛¸ !öˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ öyó §¡õ!_ ˆÜ˛ˆÏí˛¸ ˆöÄÎ˚y ã˛ˆÏ°ñ úÑ˛y!ܲ ˆòÄÎ˚y ã˛ˆÏ°– ˆ§•z ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî §¡õ!_ÈÙÈ!Óû˛yà Ä ˆû˛yà !öˆÏÎ˚ §üyˆÏç ~ï˛ !ö¤%˛Ó˚ï˛yñ ~ï˛ åÈ°öyñ ~ï˛ xhsˇ•#ö !ÓˆÏÓ˚yô–
!ܲv ï˛y•ˆÏ° í˛z˛õyÎ˚⁄ !ܲû˛yˆÏÓ ˆü°yˆÏÓö Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ §¡õ!_Ó˚ Óƒ!_´àï˛ï˛y ~ÓÇ §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆÎÔÌï˛y⁄ Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ §yˆÏçfiê˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏ°ö ~ܲê˛y xhsˇÓ≈ï≈˛# xÓfliyö ÈÙÙÙÈ ˆÎ xÓfliyöê˛y ã˛ˆÏ° xyˆÏ§ öyÈÙȈ¢y£Ïܲ ܲ!üí˛z!ö!ê˛Ü˛ Óy ˆÜ˛Ôü ˆ◊!î ≤Ã!e´Î˚yÓ˚ á%Ó Ü˛yåÈyܲy!åÈ ÈÙÙÙÈ ˆÎ ˆ◊!î ≤Ã!e´Î˚yÎ˚ xyˆÏåÈ fl∫yï˛sfƒï˛yÓ˚ fl∫#Ü,˛!ï˛ñ !ܲv ˆö•z fl∫yÌ≈˛õÓ˚ï˛yñ ˆÎ ˆ◊!î ≤Ã!e´Î˚yÎ˚ Óƒ!_´àï˛ í˛zͲõyòö Óy í˛zͲõyòˆÏöÓ˚ Óƒ!_´àï˛ï˛y xyˆÏåÈñ !ܲv ~ܲ•z§yˆÏÌ xyˆÏåÈ xy•Ó˚ˆÏîÓ˚ Ä Ó^ˇê˛ˆÏöÓ˚ §üÓyÎ˚# ˆÎÔÌï˛y ÈÙÙÙÈ
~Ó˚ ~ܲê˛y üyé˛yüy!é˛ §üyôyö åÈyí˛¸y í˛z˛õyÎ˚ xyˆÏåÈ ÓˆÏ° üˆÏö ܲ!Ó˚ ˆöñ xÌ≈yÍ Óƒ!_´àï˛ §¡õ!_ ÌyܲˆÏÓ xÌã˛ ï˛yÓ˚ û˛yˆÏàÓ˚ ~ܲyhsˇ fl∫yï˛sfƒˆÏܲ §#üyÓk˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ !òˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ˆ§•z §#üyÓ˚ Óy•zˆÏÓ˚ܲyÓ˚ í˛zm,_ xÇ¢ §Ó≈§yôyÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ çˆÏöƒ åÈy!˛õˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÄÎ˚y ã˛y•z– ï˛y •ˆÏ°•z §¡õ!_Ó˚ üüc °%∏˛ï˛yÓ˚ ≤Ãï˛yÓ˚îyÎ˚ Óy !ö¤%˛Ó˚ï˛y !àˆÏÎ˚ ˆ˛õÑÔåÈÎ˚ öy–
üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ò%ˆÏê˛y !òܲ xyˆÏåÈ ÈÙÙÙÈ ~ܲ !òˆÏܲ ˆ§ fl∫ï˛sfñ xyÓ˚ ~ܲ !òˆÏܲ ˆ§ §Ü˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ §ˆÏD Î%_´– ~Ó˚ ~ܲê˛yˆÏܲ Óyò !òˆÏ° ˆÎê˛y ˛õˆÏí˛¸ ÌyˆÏܲ ˆ§ê˛y xÓyhflÏÓ– Îáö ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ~ܲê˛y ˆéÑ˛yˆÏܲ ˛õˆÏí˛¸ üyö%£Ï ~ܲ !òˆÏܲ•z ~ܲyhsˇ í˛zôyÄ •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚ ~ÓÇ Äçö •y!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ öyöy≤ÃܲyÓ˚ !Ó˛õò âê˛yˆÏï˛ ÌyˆÏܲ ï˛áö ˛õÓ˚yü¢≈òyï˛y ~ˆÏ§ §Çܲê˛ê˛yˆÏܲ §ÇˆÏ«˛˛õ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ã˛yöó ӈϰöñ xöƒ !òܲê˛yˆÏܲ ~ˆÏܲÓyˆÏÓ˚•z ˆåÈшÏê˛ òyÄ– Óƒ!_´fl∫yï˛sfƒ Îáö í˛zÍÜ˛ê˛ fl∫yÌ≈˛õÓ˚ï˛yÎ˚ ˆ˛õÑÔ!åȈÏÎ˚ §üyˆÏç öyöy≤ÃܲyÓ˚ í˛zͲõyï˛ ü!Ìï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ ï˛áö í˛z˛õˆÏò‹Ty ӈϰöñ fl∫yÌ≈ ˆÌˆÏܲ fl∫ÈÙÈê˛yˆÏܲ ~ܲ ˆÜ˛yˆÏ˛õ í˛z!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ òyÄñ ï˛y •ˆÏ°•z §ühflÏ !ë˛Ü˛ ã˛°ˆÏÓ–
°yàyüÈÙȈåÈÑí˛¸y ˆâyÓ˚yñ ày!í˛¸ê˛yˆÏܲ áyöyÎ˚ ˆú˛°ÓyÓ˚ ˆçy ܲˆÏÓ˚ ÈÙÙÙÈ !ܲv ˆâyí˛¸yê˛yˆÏܲ =!° ܲˆÏÓ˚ üyÓ˚ˆÏ°•z ˆÎ §ü§ƒyÓ˚ §üyôyö •Î˚ öy– ï˛yˆÏï˛ ˆÜ˛Ó° §Çܲê˛ê˛yˆÏܲ•z §ÇˆÏ«˛˛õ ܲÓ˚y •Î˚– §Çܲê˛ê˛yÓ˚ ü%ˆÏáyü%!á Ó§y •Î˚ öy– Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ §Çܲê˛ê˛yÓ˚ §yˆÏÌ ~ܲ §ÇˆÏÓò# !öÎ%!_´ˆÏï˛ ˆÎˆÏï˛ ã˛yö– ~ÓÇ ï˛y•z •Î˚ï˛Óy Úüyé˛yüy!é˛ §üyôyöÛê˛y ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçöñ xhsˇï˛ x!öÎ˚ï˛ xˆÏÌ≈ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçöñ ܲyÓ˚î ˆçyÓ˚ áy!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚ñ çÓÓ˚ò!hflÏ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~•z §ü§ƒyÓ˚ §üyôyö ܲÓ˚y §Ω˛Ó öÎ˚– ܲyÓ˚îñ §ü§ƒyê˛y üSöVö üyö!§Ü˛ï˛yÓ˚ñ §ü§ƒyê˛y •Î˚ï˛Óy !Ó£ÏÎ˚#ÈÙÈ•,òˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ !öû,˛ï˛ xLjϢÓ˚ñ ˆày˛õö xLjϢÓ˚– ˆ§•z ˆày˛õö ÓÑy!¢Ó˚ ܲyߨyÈÙÈ•y!§Ó˚ çöƒ ï˛y•z ܲyö ˆ˛õˆÏï˛ ÌyܲˆÏï˛ •Î˚ñ ˜ôÎ≈ ôÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •Î˚ñ Îb !öˆÏï˛ •Î˚– ˆ§y!û˛ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏê˛Ó˚ §üyôyöê˛y ï˛y•z Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ @ˇÃ•îˆÎyàƒ öÎ˚ ÈÙÙÙÈ
ˆ§y!û˛ˆÏÎ˚ê˛Ó˚y ~•z §ü§ƒyˆÏܲ §üyôyö ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ ï˛yˆÏܲ xfl∫#ܲyÓ˚ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ˆ§çöƒ çÓÓ˚ò!hflÏÓ˚ §#üy ˆö•z– ~ܲÌy Ó°y ã˛ˆÏ° öy ˆÎ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ fl∫yï˛sfƒ ÌyܲˆÏÓ öyñ !ܲv Ó°y ã˛ˆÏ° ˆÎ fl∫yÌ≈˛õÓ˚ï˛y ÌyܲˆÏÓ öy– xÌ≈yÍ !öˆÏçÓ˚ çöƒ !ܲå%È !öçc öy •ˆÏ° öÎ˚ñ !ܲv Óy!ܲ §ühflÏ•z ˛õˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ çöƒ•z •ÄÎ˚y ã˛y•z– xyd ~ÓÇ ˛õÓ˚ í˛zû˛Î˚ˆÏܲ•z fl∫#ܲyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ï˛ˆÏÓ•z ï˛yÓ˚ §üyôyö §Ω˛Ó– ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ~ܲê˛yˆÏܲ Óyò !òˆÏï˛ ˆàˆÏ°•z üyöÓã˛!Ó˚ˆÏeÓ˚ §ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ §ˆÏD °í˛¸y•z ˆÓшÏô ÎyÎ˚– ˛õ!ÿ˛ü ü•yˆÏòˆÏ¢ üyö%£Ï ˆçyÓ˚ !ç!ö§ê˛yˆÏܲ xï˛ƒhsˇ ˆÓ!¢ !ÓŸªy§ ܲˆÏÓ˚– ˆÎ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ˆçyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ÎÌyÌ≈ ܲyç xyˆÏåÈ ˆ§ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ˆ§ á%Ó•z û˛y°ñ !ܲv xöƒe ˆ§ !Ó˛õò âê˛yÎ˚– §ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ ˆçyÓ˚ˆÏܲ àyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆçyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ myÓ˚y Îï˛ ≤ÃÓ°û˛yˆÏÓ•z xyüÓ˚y ˆü°yˆÏï˛ ˆã˛‹Ty ܲ!Ó˚ ~ܲòy ï˛ï˛ ≤ÃÓ°û˛yˆÏÓ•z ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ !ÓˆÏFåÈò âˆÏê˛–
Ó˚Ó#wöyÌñ §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ §ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ ˆçyÓ˚ê˛yˆÏܲñ àyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆçyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ myÓ˚y ˆü°yˆÏï˛ ã˛yö öyó ܲyÓ˚î ï˛yˆÏï˛ üyö%ˆÏ£Ï üyö%ˆÏ£Ï !ÓˆÏFåÈòê˛y•z Óyí˛¸ˆÓó §!ߨ!ôÓ˚ §Ω˛yÓöyê˛yñ §¡õÜ≈˛fliy˛õˆÏöÓ˚ §Ω˛yÓöyê˛y e´ü¢ «˛#î •ˆÏÎ˚ xy§ˆÏÓ– ~ܲ•z§yˆÏÌ Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ üˆÏö ܲˆÏÓö ˆÎ ܲ°ƒyîܲy!üï˛yÓ˚ Ï ˚ ܲyçê˛yÄ àyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆçyˆÏÓ˚ •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ öy ÈÙÙÙÈ ñË÷Çõþ ëÂ×ÂóËðú õÉïÇ ýËûþËå õËùý× üßÂù ü÷±Ëæ ñò Ý ÆðËòÉõþ Ze Ûß±™Là ýËûþ õþËûþËå õËùý×, û±õþ± Ûý× ÕßÂùɱíßÂõþ ÎöÂðËß ü÷±æ ÎïËß ðÓõþ ßÂõþËî ä±ò îÒ±Ëðõþ ÕËòËßÂý× æõõþ𿙦¸õþ Z±õþ± ù•ÂÉü±ñò ßÂõþËî ä±ò¼ îÂÒ±õþ± ðüÅÉõÔ¿M ßÂËõþ, õþM•Âó±î ßÂËõþ, ñòÏõþ ñò ÕÂóýõþí ßÂËõþ ü÷±Ëæ Õ±¿ïÇß ü±÷É ¦š±Âóò ßÂõþËî Î䩆± ßÂËõþò¼ Û ü÷™¦¸ Î䩆± õîÇÂ÷±ò ûÅËá Âó¿}Â÷ ÷ý±ËðËú Û¶±ûþ ÎðàËî Âó±Ýûþ± û±ûþ¼ î±õþ ß±õþí ýËBå Âó¿}ÂË÷õþ ÷±òÅËø¸õþ á±Ëûþõþ Îæ±õþé± Îõ¿ú, Îüý× æòÉý× á±Ëûþõþ Îæ±Ëõþõþ ëÂ×Âóõþ î±õþ Õ±¦š± Îõ¿ú• ßÂùɱíü±ñËòÝ Îü á±Ëûþõþ Îæ±õþ ò± ౿éÂËûþ ï±ßÂËî Âó±Ëõþ ò±¼ î±õþ ôÂËù ÕïÇÝ ò©† ýûþ, ñ÷ÇÝ ò©† ýûþ¼ ßÂùɱíü±ñò á±Ëûþõþ Îæ±õþ ౿éÂËûþ ýËî Âó±Ëõþ ò±¼ Õ±õ±õþ ÂóÅ¿Ò æõ±ðÏ ëÂ×iûò-Ûõþ Îú±ø¸í Ý öÓÂü¥óËðõþ ¿õMýõþËíõþ ¿õËõþ±¿ñîÂ±Ý § þ ýûþîÂõ± á±Ëûþõþ Îæ±Ëõþ ýËî Âó±Ëõþ ò± – ýËî Âó±Ëõþ ò± õþM•Âó±î ßÂËõþ¼ ܲyÓ˚îñ §ü§ƒyê˛y üSöVö üyö!§Ü˛ï˛yÓ˚ñ §ü§ƒyê˛y •Î˚ï˛Óy !Ó£ÏÎ˚#ÈÙÈ•,òˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ !öû,˛ï˛ xLjϢÓ˚ñ ˆày˛õö xLjϢÓ˚– ˆ§•z ˆày˛õö ÓÑy!¢Ó˚ ܲyߨyÈÙÈ•y!§Ó˚ çöƒ ï˛y•z ܲyö ˆ˛õˆÏï˛ ÌyܲˆÏï˛ •Î˚ñ ˜ôÎ≈ ôÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •Î˚ñ Îb !öˆÏï˛ •Î˚– §ü§ƒyê˛y §_yÓ˚– ˆ§•z §_yÓ˚ §yˆÏÌ•z ï˛y•z ˆÎˆÏï˛ •Î˚ ~ܲ §ÇˆÏÓò# !öÎ%!_´ˆÏï˛ ... ... ܲyÓ˚îñ ܲ!ÓÓ˚ üˆÏï˛ñ ÚÚÓy!•Ó˚ˆÏܲ ã˛Ó˚ü ܲ!Ó˚Î˚y ˆò!áˆÏ° !û˛ï˛Ó˚ˆÏܲ ˆòáy •Î˚ öy ~ÓÇ Óy!•Ó˚ˆÏÜ˛Ä §ï˛ƒÓ˚*ˆÏ˛õ @ˇÃ•î ܲÓ˚y §Ω˛Ó •Î˚ öyÛÛ ... §üÓyÎ˚ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ˆ§Ô®Î≈ ≠ ܲˆÏÌy˛õÜ˛ÌˆÏö üy:≈ÈÙÈày¶˛#ÈÙÈÓ˚Ó#wöyÌ üyˆÏ:≈Ó˚ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛ê˛y ˆÎö ü)°ï˛ ÓyhflÏ!Óܲï˛y Ä Ó›ôü≈#– ï˛yˆÏï˛ áyÓ˚y˛õ !ܲå%È ˆö•z– áyÓ˚y˛õ ~ê˛y•z ˆÎ •zĈÏÓ˚yˆÏ˛õ Îáö üy:≈Óyò# §üyç!öü≈yîÈÙÈÎK˛ê˛y ÷Ó˚& •°ñ ï˛áö Ó›Ó˚ ã˛yˆÏ˛õ üyö%£Ï Ó›ï˛É•z ã˛y˛õy ˛õˆÏí˛¸ ˆà°– xyÓ˚ ÓyhflÏ!Óܲï˛yÓ˚ ã˛yˆÏ˛õ üy:≈ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ üyöÓ!ÓK˛yö ≤ÃÜ,˛!ï˛!ÓK˛yö •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆà°– üy:≈#Î˚ Ó#«˛yÎ˚ §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ≤ß¿ê˛y í˛zm,ˆÏ_Ó˚ xy•Ó˚îÈÙÈÓ^ˇê˛ˆÏöÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ !öû≈˛Ó˚– xƒyˆÏ≤Ãyã˛ê˛y
x!ôܲyÓ˚ÈÙÈxÓ°¡∫#– xyüyÓ˚ •ˆÏܲÓ˚ í˛zm,_ê˛y xyüyÓ˚•z •yˆÏï˛ xy§y í˛z!ã˛Í– Óy xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ •ˆÏܲÓ˚ í˛zm,_ê˛y xyüyˆÏòÓ˚•z •yˆÏï˛ xy§y í˛z!ã˛Í– ~ˆÏ° xyüÓ˚y ÎyÓ˚y ◊ü !òˆÏÎ˚!åÈ ï˛yÓ˚y §Ü˛ˆÏ° !üˆÏ° û˛yà ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆöÓ ˆ§•z í˛zm,_– •Î˚ï˛ !ܲå%Èê˛y xöƒˆÏܲ Óy xhsˇï˛ ˆÎ á%Ó ò)Ó≈° ï˛yˆÏܲ ˆòÓ– xÌ≈yÍñ ≤Ã̈Ïü í˛zm,_ ◊ˆÏüÓ˚ öƒyÎ˚ÈÙÈx!ô@ˇÃ•î– ~ÓÇ ï˛yÓ˚˛õˆÏÓ˚ Ó^ˇê˛ö SÓ^ˇê˛ˆÏöÓ˚ ≤ß¿ê˛y üy:≈ !e´!ê˛Ü˛ xÓ !ò ˆàyÌy ˆ≤Ãy@ˇÃyü ÈÙÈ~ xyˆÏ°yã˛öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– ˆÎö ˆ¢£Ï ç#ÓˆÏö üy:≈Ä ˆ˛õÔˆÏåÈ !àˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö Ó^ˇê˛ˆÏöÓ˚ ≤Èϟ¿V– Ï Ü˛!Ó ~•záyˆÏö ~ܲê˛y ç!ê˛°ï˛y !öˆÏÎ˚ ~ˆÏ°ö≠ ÚÚÎy•yÓ˚y ˆü!ê˛!Ó˚Î˚y!°fiê˛ ... Ó›ˆÏï˛•z Îy•yˆÏòÓ˚ ã˛Ó˚ü xyö®ñ Ó›ˆÏܲ ï˛y•yÓ˚y ï˛ƒyà ܲ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ ˆÜ˛öÛÛ⁄ Óy ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ !ܲû˛yˆÏÓ⁄ Ó›ÈÙÈxyܲyCyÓ˚ ~•z å%È!Ó˚ê˛yÓ˚ ò%ˆÏê˛y !òܲ•z ˆÎ ôyÓ˚yˆÏ°y– §ü§ƒy 1≠ ÎyÓ˚ §Ó•z xyˆÏåÈñ xÌ≈yÍ ~áö ˆÎ Ó›Ó˚ x!ôܲyÓ˚# ... ˆ§ Ó›ˆÏܲ ï˛ƒyà ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ ˆÜ˛ö⁄ §ü§ƒy 2≠ üy:≈Óyò# Óy §üyçï˛y!sfܲ !Ó≤’ˆÏÓÓ˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎ S◊!üܲV Ó›Ó˚ x!ôܲyÓ˚# •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zë˛ˆÏÓñ ˆ§•z S§Ó≈•yÓ˚y•zV Óy Ó›Ó˚ x!ôܲyÓ˚ ï˛ƒyà ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ ˆÜ˛ö⁄ ˆ§Ä ˆÎ Ó›ÈÙÈx!ôܲyˆÏÓ˚ Ä x!ô@ˇÃ•ˆÏî xyd•yÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zë˛ˆÏÓ öyñ ï˛yÓ˚ !öÿ˛Î˚ï˛y ܲ#⁄ ˆ§Ä ˆÎ ï˛yÓ˚ S˛õ%Ñ!ç˛õ!ï˛V ˛õ)Ó≈˛õˆÏ«˛Ó˚ üï˛•z Ó›ÈÙÈ@ˇÃy§# •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zë˛ˆÏÓ öyñ ï˛y xyüÓ˚y çyö!åÈ Ü˛# ܲˆÏÓ˚⁄ ܲ!Ó ï˛y•z ˆÎö §ˆÏ˛Ó˚ ~ˆÏ°ö Ó› ˆÌˆÏܲ !Ó£ÏÎ˚#ˆÏï˛ó •*òÎ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ö •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛z벰 §üyç˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ö ï˛Ìy §üÓyÎ˚ÈÙÈܲ“öyÓ˚ !û˛ï˛– x!ô@ˇÃ•îÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ÓˆÏï≈˛ñ ï˛ƒyàˆÏܲ •z ü%áƒ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏ°ö– ü%áƒ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏ°ö xyö®ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ !ÓŸªçö#öï˛yˆÏܲ˛ñ ˆàÔî ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö «˛!îˆÏܲÓ˚ §%áÈÙÈï,˛!ÆÈÓ˚ ˛õ!ÿ˛ü# ≤Ãï˛ƒÎ˚ê˛yˆÏܲ≠ ÚÚ§%á Ó!°ˆÏï˛ Îy•y Ó%é˛yÎ˚ ï˛y•y xyö® öˆÏ•– û)˛üy §%á öˆÏ•ñ xyö®– §%ˆÏáÓ˚ §ˆÏD xyöˆÏ®Ó˚ ≤ÈÏû˛ò ~•z ˆÎñ §%ˆÏáÓ˚ !Ó˛õÓ˚#ï˛ ò%Éáñ !ܲv xyöˆÏ®Ó˚ !Ó˛õÓ˚#ï˛ ò%Éá öˆÏ•– !¢Ó ˆÎüö ܲ!Ó˚Î˚y •°y•° ˛õyö ܲ!Ó˚Î˚y!åȈϰöñ xyö® ˆï˛ü!ö ܲ!Ó˚Î˚y ò%ÉáˆÏܲ xöyÎ˚yˆÏ§•z @ˇÃ•î ܲˆÏÓ˚– ~üöÈÙÈ!ܲñ ò%ɈÏáÓ˚ myÓ˚y•z xyö® xy˛õöyˆÏܲ §yÌ≈ܲ ܲˆÏÓ˚ñ xy˛õöyÓ˚ ˛õ)î≈ï˛yˆÏܲ í˛z˛õ°!∏˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚– ... xöƒyöƒ çvˆÏòÓ˚ öƒyÎ˚ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ö#ˆÏã˛Ó˚ •zFåÈyê˛y ò%Éá!öÓ,!_Ó˚ •zFåÈyñ xyÓ˚ í˛z˛õˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ •zFåÈyê˛y ò%ÉáˆÏܲ xyd§yÍ Ü˛!Ó˚Î˚y xyö®°yˆÏû˛Ó˚ •zFåÈyÛÛ– ~ܲ•z§ˆÏDñ ܲ!Ó ò%ɈÏáÓ˚ §ˆÏD ~ܲê˛y ç!ê˛° §¡õÜ≈˛ !öü≈yî ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö≠ ÚÚˆÜ˛yˆÏöy §üyç•z ÎÌyÌ≈ í˛zߨ!ï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ öy Îy•yÓ˚ !û˛!_ ò%ɈÏáÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!¤˛ï˛ öÎ˚ÛÛ– ï˛ƒyàÄ ˆï˛y ~ܲôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ ò%ÈÉáñ Îy !Ó£ÏÎ˚#Ó˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ Óy•zˆÏÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆöˆÏü xyˆÏ§ öy– Îy !Ó£ÏÎ˚# !öˆÏç•z !öˆÏçÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚•z ˆê˛ˆÏö xyˆÏö– Îy •*òˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ fl∫yô#ö ≤ÈÏÓ˚yã˛öy– !ܲv ~ ~üö ~ܲ ò%Éá Îy Ó,•_Ó˚ xyöˆÏ®Ó˚ xà≈° á%ˆÏ° ˆòÎ˚– Ó›ÈÙÈí˛z˛õy§Ü˛ ~•z ò%ɈÏáÓ˚ ò¢≈öˆÏܲ Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ öy– ˆ§ ò%ÉáÈÙÈï˛ƒyˆÏà ü_– ï˛ƒyˆÏàÓ˚ ò%Éá •ˆÏï˛ í˛zͧy!Ó˚ï˛ xyö® ï˛yÓ˚ öçÓ˚ ~!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚≠ ÚÚܲ°ƒyîˆÏܲ ï˛y•yÓ˚y SxÌ≈yÍñ Ó›ÈÙÈí˛z˛õy§ˆÏܲÓ˚yV xy˛õö ≤ÃyˆÏîÓ˚ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÜ˛ö ÓˆÏí˛¸y ܲ!Ó˚Î˚y fl∫#ܲyÓ˚ ܲ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ– ¢yflf!Ó!•ï˛ ˆÎ ˛õ%Ïܲ üyö%£Ï ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏ°Ô!ܲܲ !Ó£ÏÎ˚§¡õ!_Ó˚ üˆÏï˛y•z çyˆÏö ˆ§•z fl∫yÌ≈˛õÓ˚ ˛õ%ˆÏîƒÓ˚ çöƒÄ ˆ§ ò%Éáfl∫#ܲyÓ˚ ܲ!Ó˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ ÈÙÙÙÈ !ܲv ˆÎ ˛õ%îƒ ¢yflf!Ó!ôÓ˚ §yü@ˇÃ# öˆÏ•ñ Îy•y ï˛#Ì≈ÎyeyÓ˚ ò%Éá öˆÏ•ñ Îy•y ÷û˛ö«˛eˆÏÎyˆÏàÓ˚ òyö öˆÏ•ñ Îy•y •*òˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ fl∫yô#ö ≤ÈÏÓ˚yã˛öyñ ˆ§•z ò%Éáñ ˆ§•z ü,ï%˛ƒˆÏܲ !ܲ ܲáˆÏöy ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy Ó›ÈÙÈí˛z˛õy§Ü˛ @ˇÃ•î ܲ!Ó˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ÛÛ– ܲ!ÓÓ˚ §üÓyÎ˚ ~•z ò%ÉáÓ˚•z §yôöy– ~ÓÇ ~ ~üö ~ܲ Úò%ÉáÛ ÎyˆÏܲ ÚÚ°yˆÏû˛Ó˚ !òܲ !òÎ˚y fl∫#ܲyÓ˚ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ xyôƒy!dܲï˛y öy•zó ò%ÉáˆÏܲ ˆ≤ÈÏüÓ˚ !òܲ !òÎ˚y fl∫#ܲyÓ˚ ܲÓ˚y•z xyôƒy!dܲï˛yÛÛ– §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ܲ!Óï˛y ˆï˛y ~•z ü,ï%˛ƒÓ˚•z §yôöy– ~ÓÇ ~•z ü,ï%˛ƒ§yôöy•z ˆï˛y ≤ÃyîÈÙÈ≤Ãyã%˛ˆÏÎ≈ƒÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ü x!û˛Óƒ!_´≠ ÚÚÓöflõ!ï˛Ó˚ ≤ÃÓ° ≤Ãyî¢!_´•z ≤Ãã%˛Ó˚ ˛õÕ‘Ó Ó£Ï≈î ܲˆÏÓ˚ñ x!Ó◊yü ˛õ!Ó˚ï˛ƒ_´ ü,ï˛ ˛õˆÏe ï˛y•yÓ˚ ü,ï%˛ƒ ≤Ãüyî ܲˆÏÓ˚ öy– ç#Óö ≤Ã!ï˛ ü)‡ˆÏï≈˛ ü!Ó˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ ÈÙÙÙÈ ü,ï%˛ƒ Îáö Ó¶˛ ••zÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚ ï˛áö•z ÎÌyÌ≈ ü,ï%˛ƒÛÛ– §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ü,ï%˛ƒÈÙȧyôöy ˆï˛y ≤ÃyˆÏîÓ˚•z ≤Ãüyî– ~üö ~ܲ ≤Ãyî Îy ˛õyï˛y é˛Ó˚yˆÏöyÓ˚ ê%˛Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚y ü,ï%˛ƒÓ˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚ñ ï˛ƒyˆÏàÓ˚ ü)‡ï≈˛ÈÙÈ!Ó˚_´ï˛yÓ˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚ ≤ÃyˆÏîÓ˚•z ≤Ãüyî ˆÓ˚ˆÏá ã˛ˆÏ°– Óöflõ!ï˛ ÷ܲˆÏöy ˛õyï˛y é˛!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ü,ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚ öyñ ˆ§ xy˛õöyÓ˚ ç#ÓöˆÏܲ•z ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚– ÚÚï˛ƒyˆÏàÓ˚ òy!Ó˚o•z û)˛£Ïîñ xû˛yˆÏÓÓ˚ òy!Ó˚oƒ û)˛£Ïî öˆÏ•ÛÛ– xöƒ!òˆÏܲ ày¶˛#Ó˚ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛ê˛y ö#!ï˛ Óy ˜ö!ï˛Ü˛ï˛yÈÙÈôü≈#– ï˛yˆÏï˛ SÓyÑã˛yÓ˚V ôˆÏü≈Ó˚ ≤ß¿ê˛y ü%ზ ˆÜ˛üöû˛yˆÏÓ ÓyÑã˛Ó⁄ ˆÜ˛yöê˛y
!ë˛Ü˛ñ ˆÜ˛yöê˛y ˆÓ!ë˛Ü˛ ÈÙÙÙÈ ï˛y á%Ó•z =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈– §üyç Óò°yÓ ˆï˛y xÓ¢ƒ•z– !ܲv ï˛yÓ˚ xyˆÏà ˆï˛y !öˆÏçˆÏܲ Óò°yˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ày¶˛# ~:ˆÏ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏürê˛ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚ §ˆÏï˛ƒ ˆ˛õÑÔåÈö öy– Äû˛yˆÏÓ §ˆÏï˛ƒ ˆ˛õÑÔåÈöê˛y ˛õ!ÿ˛ü# !ÓK˛yˆÏöÓ˚ ôü≈– ày¶˛# fl∫Î˚Ç Ú§ï˛ƒÛÈÙÈˆÜ˛ !öˆÏÎ˚ ~:ˆÏ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏürê˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ö– ܲyÓ˚î §ï˛ƒ ày¶˛#Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ~ܲê˛y ˜ö!ï˛Ü˛ ôyÓ˚îy ... Gandhi does not conduct experiments to find truth ... Gandhi experiments with Truth ... §ï˛ƒ ày¶˛#Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ÷ô%üye K˛yöï˛y!_¥Ü˛ öÎ˚– xy§ˆÏ° üy:≈ñ ày¶˛# ~ÓÇ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ˛õyÌ≈ܲƒê˛y §ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ !ï˛öˆÏê˛ ôyÓ˚îy !öˆÏÎ˚– üyˆÏ:≈Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ §ï˛ƒ ÓyhflÏ!Óܲï˛yÓ˚ ≤ß¿– !ã˛hsˇy !òˆÏÎ˚ñ Î%!_´ !òˆÏÎ˚ñ xÇܲ ܲˆÏ£Ï ˛õyÄÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚ ï˛yˆÏܲ– ày¶˛#Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ï˛y•z §ï˛ƒñ Îy ˜ö!ï˛Ü˛– ܲ!ÓÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ï˛y•z §ï˛ƒ Îy §%®Ó˚– ày¶˛# §ï˛ƒˆÏܲ xydÈÙÈÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ !öÓ˚hsˇÓ˚ !e´Î˚yÓ˚ xö%£ÏˆÏD ˆÓyˆÏé˛ö– ܲ!ÓÓ˚ §ï˛ƒˆÏܲ ˆÓyˆÏé˛ö §,!‹T¢#°ï˛yÓ˚ xö%£ÏˆÏD– ܲyÓ˚î ܲ!Ó çyˆÏöö≠ ÚÚüyö%£Ï ܲáˆÏöy•z §ï˛ƒˆÏܲ ܲ° !òÎ˚y ˛õy•zˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ öyñ ï˛y•yˆÏܲ xydy !òÎ˚y•z °yû˛ ܲ!Ó˚ˆÏï˛ •Î˚ÛÛ– xyÓ˚ ܲ!ÓÓ˚ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛ê˛y ˆÎö §y!•ï˛ƒÈÙÈôü≈#– ˆ§ê˛y ˆÎö ~ܲê˛y §y!•ï˛ƒÜ˛ü≈– ï˛yÓ˚ ü)° ≤ß¿ê˛y §üyç!öü≈yˆÏîÓ˚ §,!‹T¢#°ï˛yÎ˚ û˛yfl∫Ó˚– ï˛yÓ˚ °«˛ƒ àˆÏí˛¸ ˆï˛y°yÓ˚ !òˆÏܲ– §üyçñ üyö%£Ïñ çy!ï˛ñ ˆö¢ö– öï%˛ö ܲˆÏÓ˚– xyüÓ˚y öï%˛ö ˆÎÔÓˆÏöÓ˚•z ò)ï˛– xyüÓ˚y xq(ï˛– ˆ§ á%ÑçˆÏåÈ åÈ®– @ˇÃyüç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ ˆÜ˛ˆÏê˛ ÎyÄÎ˚y åÈ®ê˛y ˆÜ˛üö ܲˆÏÓ˚ !ú˛!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ xyöy ÎyÎ˚– ï˛y !ܲ !ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ xy§ˆÏÓ §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ò%Éá§yôöyñ §üÓyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ «˛îÈÙÈü,ï%˛ƒÓ˚ §yôöyÓ˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚⁄ ˆ§•z xˆÏÌ≈ ܲ!ÓÓ˚ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛ê˛y fl∫Î˚Ç ~ܲê˛y Úܲ!Óï˛yÛ ...
§•yÎ˚ܲ §)e≠ Bhattacharya, S (ed). 1997. The Mahatma and the Poet: Letters and debates between Gandhi and Tagore 1915-41. National Book Trust: New Delhi. Chakrabarti, A and Dhar, A. 2008a. “Development, Capitalism and Socialism: A Marxian Encounter with Rabindranath Tagore on the ‘Co-operative Principles”. Rethinking Marxism, 2008, 20 (3). ã˛e´Óï≈˛#ñ xOö ~ÓÇ ôÓ˚ñ xö%˛õ. 2008!Ó. ܲˆÏÌy˛õÜ˛ÌˆÏö üy:≈ Ä Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ≠ í˛zߨÎ˚ö Ä !Óܲ“. àyä!ã˛°. ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y. Gandhi, M. 2010. Hind Swaraj. Suresh Sharma and Tridip Suhrud (Eds.) Orient Blackswan. Marx, K. 1967. Capital. Vols. 1-3. New York: International Publishers. Marx, K. 1969. Theories of Surplus Value, Part I, II and III. Progress Publishers: Moscow. Luc-Nancy, J. 1991. The Inoperative Community. University of Minnesota Press. Ruccio, D. 2011. “Cooperatives, Surplus, and the Social” in Rethinking Marxism, Volume 23, Number 3, July 2011 , pp. 334-340(7) Maliha Safri. 2011. “Worker Cooperatives: A Class Analysis” in Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture & Society, 1475 -8059, Volume 23, Issue 3. Sen, S. 1943 [1991]. Rabindranath Tagore on Rural Reconstruction. Visva-Bharati. Tagore, R. 2004. Selected Essays. Rupa & Co: New Delhi. Tagore, R. 1963a. The Co-operative Principle. Kolkata: Visva-Bharati. Tagore, R. 1963b [2006]. The Robbery of the Soil. Compiled by S. Bandopadhyay. Kolkata. Muktomon.